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Long Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

-King Protista, Domain Eukarya
-Unicellular, eukaryotes that lack cell wall

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

The word protozoa came from the Greek word _________ meaning the first animal.

A

Protozoon

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3
Q

-Mostly heterotrophic and most free-living - scavenge on dead plants and animals and even feed on live bacteria and algae.
- a few are parasitic/pathogenic feed directly on host fluids or can actively feed on tissues.

A

Protozoa

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4
Q

-Microscopic (size ranges from 3-300 microns.)
- adapted to a wide range of habitats like fresh and marine waters, soil, plants and animals.

A

Protozoa

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5
Q

-Main limiting factor for survival is water.
- A large no of species can form cyst.

A

Protozoa

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6
Q

Protozoa with motile feeding stage

A

The trophozoite of Giardia

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7
Q

-It can survive adverse environmental conditions ( an important factor in the spread of disease like amoebic dysentry ).

A

Cyst

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8
Q

Protozoa reproduce asexually by _______.

A

Mitotic cell division and binary fission

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9
Q

Parasitic protozoan ones reproduce asexually inside the host cell by _______.

A

Multiple fission

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10
Q

Protozoan sexual reproduction is called ?

A

Conjugation

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11
Q

This one of the bases in classification of Protozoa.

A

Motility

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12
Q

This method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.

A

Binary fission

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13
Q

This method the nucleus undergoes repeated division to produce a large number of nuclei. Each nucleus along with little bit of cytoplasm forms a membrane around it.

A

Multiple fission

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14
Q

4 main type classification of Protozoans.

A

-Flagellates
-Sarcodina
-Ciliates
-Sporozoates

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15
Q

Move by flagella or tail-like structure

A

Flagellates

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16
Q

Move by pseudopodia or false feet

A

Sarcodina

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17
Q

Move through cilia (fine hair-like structure attached to their body).

A

Ciliates

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18
Q

It is non-motile form protozoa

A

Sporozoates

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19
Q

Is a parasite that lives in the lower genital tract of women and the urethra and prostate of men

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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20
Q

It lives as a parasite in the blood, lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, or cerebrospinal fluid of man and in the intestine of blood-sucking fly Glossina palpalis (Tsetse fly).

A

Trypanosoma gambiense

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21
Q

It can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers and streams worldwide, as well as in public water supplies, wells, cisterns, swimming pools, water parks and spas.

A

Giardia intestinalis

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22
Q

It is a species of Leishmania that causes leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection that is transmitted by the bite of an infected sandfly

A

Leishmania panamensis

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23
Q

Achlorophyllous, Eukaryotic, spore bearing

A

Fungi

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24
Q

Fjngi-like:glucan
Fungi: ___&&&

A

Chitin

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25
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

Yeast

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26
Q

Multicellular fungi?

A

Molds and mushrooms

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27
Q

Microscopic fungi?

A

Molds and yests

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28
Q

Macroscopic fungi?

A

Mushrooms and puffballs

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29
Q

Eukaryotic, unicellular fungi

A

Yeast

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30
Q

-Usually spherical or oval
-reproduce asexually by budding and fission and sexually by spores called ascospores.

A

Yeast

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31
Q

Considered the most important single microorganism from an industrial standpoint (Important in alcohol and wine production, leavening of the bread and etc.)

A
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32
Q

Considered the most important single microorganism from an industrial standpoint (Important in alcohol and wine production, leavening of the bread and etc.)

A

Yeast

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33
Q

-Differentiated from bacteria by their larger size and having a Eukaryotic cell (with true nucleus).
- flourish in habitats where sugars are found such as ftuits, flower and bark of trees.
- cell wall is made of glucan, Mannan, protein,lipid and glucosamine.

A

Yeast

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34
Q

Yeast/ microscopic organisms that are absent in Mannan in their cell wall

A

Schizosaccharomyces, Nadsonia, and Rhodotorula.

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35
Q

What are the group of yeast?

A

Ascomycetous yeast
Basidiomycetous yeast
Deuteromycetous yeast

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36
Q

Example of ascomycetous yeast?

A

Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Nadsonia

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37
Q

Example of Basidiomycetous yeast

A

Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium

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38
Q

Example of Deuteromycetous yeast?

A

Rhodotorula, Candida, Torulopsis

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39
Q

Brewer’s yeast?

A

Saccharomyces cerivisiae

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40
Q

Cause thrush disease to human?

A

Candida albicans

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41
Q

CH3COCHOOH

A

Pyruvate

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42
Q

CH3CH2OH

A

Ethyl alcohol

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43
Q

CH3CHO

A

Acetaldehyde

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44
Q

Chemical formula of acetic acid

A

(CH3CHECOOH) + H2O

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45
Q

-Eucaryotic and multicellular
-filamentous fungi
-cell wall mostly contain, a polymer of N- acetylglucosamine

A

Molds

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46
Q

True or false.
Molds is Autotrophic with most being saprophytic while others are parasitic or pathogenic.

A

False…. heterotrophic

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47
Q

True or false.
Molds do not have enzymes for digesting a wide variety of substances like feathers, hair, cellulose, etc.

A

False….Have enzymes

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48
Q

It is a threadlike structure of molds

A

Hyphae

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49
Q

It is intertwined together to form the body of the mold.

A

Mycelium

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50
Q

The molds reproduce sexually and asexually by ______

A

Spores

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51
Q

It causes diseases e.g dermatomycoses and majority of pylants diseases.

A

Molds

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52
Q

What are the classification of hyphae based on structure?

A

Septated
Nonseptated or coenocytic or no cross wall

53
Q

With cross walls dividing hyphae into segments

A

Septated

54
Q

Consist of one long, continuous cell not divided into compartments.

A

Nonseptated or coenocytic

55
Q

What are the classification of hyphae based on function?

A

Vegetative
Reproductive

56
Q

Product of mitotic division of a single parent cell

A

Asexual spores

57
Q

Examples of molds that produce asexual spores?

A

Rhizopus

58
Q

2 types of reproduction of molds?

A

Asexual spores
Sexual spores

59
Q

Formed by a successive division of a sac-like head called sporangium, attached to a stalk, the sprorangiosphores.

A

Sporangiospores

60
Q

2 types of asexual spores

A

Sporangiospores
Conidiospores or conidia

61
Q

Free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac.

A

Conidiospores or conidia

62
Q

Types of conidiospores or conidia?

A

1.Arthrospore
2. Chlamydospore
3. Blatospore
4. Phialospore
5. Microconidium and macrocnidium
6. Porospores

63
Q

Rectangular spores formed when septate hyphae fragment at cross walls

A

Arthrospores

64
Q

Causing powdery mildew disease of crops.

A

Oidium sp.

65
Q

-Spherical conidium formed by thickening of hyphal cell.
- release when hyphae fractures; serve as survival or resting cell.

A

Chlamydospores

66
Q

Example of chlamydospores

A

Fusarium sp.

67
Q

Produced by budding from a parent cell; also called bud

A

Blastospores

68
Q

A conidium that is budded from the mouth of a vase shaped spore-bearing cell called phialide.

A

Plialospore

69
Q

Example of phialospore?

A

Aspergillus

70
Q

Small and Large conidia formed by same fungus

A

Microconidium and macrocnidium

71
Q

Conidia that is made up of one-celled

A

Microconidia

72
Q

Conidia is made up of 2 more cells.

A

Macroconidia

73
Q

A conidium that grows out through small spores in the spore-bearing cell

A

Porospores

74
Q

Example of porospores

A

Phoma sp.

75
Q

Formed from fusion of fertile hyphae of 2 different strains, union of differentiated male and female structures and development of special fruiting structures.

A

Sexual spores

76
Q

Type of sexual spores?

A

Zygospores
Ascospores
Basidiospores

77
Q

Diploid spores formed when hyphae of opposite strains fuse and create a diploid zygote that swells.

A

Zygospores

78
Q

Zygospores is produced by what fungal class?

A

Zygomycetes

79
Q

Example of molds that produces zygospores?

A

Rhizopus

80
Q

-Haploid spores found inside a sac called ascus (asci)
-produced by fungal class ascomycetes

A

Ascospores

81
Q

Sexual stage of of Oidium sp. the powdery mildew fungus.

A

Erysiphe sp.

82
Q

Haploid sexual spores formed on the outside of a club-shaped cell called basidium.

A

Basidiospores

83
Q

Basidiospores is produce by what fungal class?

A

Basidiomycetes

84
Q

Example of organisms that produce basidiospores?

A

Mushrooms -Agaricus sp. Or Volvariella sp.

85
Q

Perfect fungi?

A

Amastigomycota

86
Q

Do not produce spores ?

A

Mastigomycota

87
Q

Produce sexual and asexual spores?

A

Amastigomycota

88
Q

Imperfect fungi?

A

Mastigomycota

89
Q

2 subkingdom of fungi?

A

Amastigomycota
Mastigomycota

90
Q

Zygospores:
Ascospores: ascomycota

A

Zygomycota

91
Q

Asexual spores of Zygomycota?

A

Mostly sporangiospores; conidia

92
Q

Hyphae of zygomycota?

A

Usually nonseptated, if septated, it is incomplete

93
Q

Example of zygomycota?

A

Rhizopus artocarpi
Chaonephora cucurbitarum

94
Q

Causes fruitlet rot of jackfruit

A

Rhizopus artocarpi

95
Q

Causes fruitlet rot of jackfruit; also affects flower and fruits of squash.

A

Chaonephora cucurbitarum

96
Q

Class of ascomycota

A

Ascomycetes

97
Q

Sexual spores of ascomycota?

A

Ascospores

98
Q

Asexual spores of ascomycota?

A

Many types of conidia

99
Q

With porous septa of ascomycota?

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

100
Q

Casuses post harvest diseases

A

Talaromyces (sexual)
Penicillium ( asexual)

101
Q

Causes rots of vegetables

A

Eurotium (sexual)
Aspergillus ( asexual)

102
Q

Sexual spores of basidiomycota

A

Basidiospores

103
Q

Asexual spores of basidiomycota?

A

Conidiospores, uredo spores

104
Q

Incompletely septate hyphae fleshy fruiting bodies are common

A

Hyphae

105
Q

Causes corn rust?

A

Puccinia polysora

106
Q

Causes peanut rust?

A

Puccinia arachidis

107
Q

Causes corn smut?

A

Ustilago maydis

108
Q

Example of mushroom in basidiomycota

A

Volvariella volvacea

109
Q

Rats ear fungi?

A

Auricularia auricola

110
Q

Produces only asexual spores (imperfect fungi)

A

Subkingdom mastigomycota

111
Q

Division of mastigomycota?

A

Deuteromycota

112
Q

They have asexual spores such as the conidia of various types (e.g. arthrospores, chlamydospores, porospores and etc.

A

Deuteromycota

113
Q

Do not form spores but produce sclerotial bodies.

A

Mycelia sterilia group

114
Q

Causes mungbean wilt?

A

Sclerotium rolfsii

115
Q

Causes brown of spot of corn.

A

Helminthosporium maydis (Dreschlera maydis, Bipolaris maydis)

116
Q

Causes mango anthracnose?

A

Colletotrichum gloeosporioidis

117
Q

Causes sheath blight of rice and rots in vegetables and other crops.

A

Rhizoctonia solani

118
Q

Causes wilts in several ctops like tomato, beans, and some fruit tree seedlings and rots in some fruits.

A

Sclerotium rolfsii

119
Q

Formerly under kingdom fungi then Kingdom chromista.

A

Kingdom Straminopila

120
Q

Commonly called fungal-like organisms

A

Kingdom Straminopila

121
Q

He watermolds

A

Class oomycetes

122
Q

Asexual spores of straminopila

A

Sporangiospores in a sporangium

123
Q

sexual spores of straminopila

A

Oospores

124
Q

Hyphae of straminopila

A

Coenocytic (nonseptated)

125
Q

Causes damping off of seedlings

A

Pythium

126
Q

Caused the potato famine in Europe(due to potato light blight epidemic)

A

Phytophthora infestans

127
Q

Causes decline and seedling dieback and also cause cacao pod rot

A

Pytophthora palmivora

128
Q

Causes downy mildew of cucurbits

A

Pseudoperonospora cubensis

Microbiology (8 decks)

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