Lecture 2 History Of Microbiology

Question 1

Supporters of Theory of Spontaneous Generation
(Autogenetic theory or Abiogenesis

Answer 1

Aristotle,
Needham and the Ancient
Greeks

Question 2

A theory where the Living organisms could
develop from nonliving
matter.

Answer 2

Theory of Spontaneous Generation
(Autogenetic theory or Abiogenesis

Question 3

A theory where the alternative hypothesis that
living organisms can arise only
from pre-existing life forms?

Answer 3

Biogenesis or biogenetic
theory

Question 4

Supporters of Biogenesis or biogenetic
theory?

Answer 4

Francesco Redi,
Spallanzani, Jablot, Louis
Pasteur, Robert Koch

Question 5

A scientist (Pro Biogenesis) scientist who
challenged the idea that
maggots arise from rotten
meat?

Answer 5

Francisco Redi (1668)

Question 6

A (Pro Abiogenesis) who boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks?

Answer 6

1745 -John Needham

Question 7

He divided a hay infusion that had been boiled into two containers: a heated container that was closed to the air and a heated container that was freely open to the air. Only the open vessel developed microorganisms. This further helped to disprove abiogenesis.

Answer 7

Louis Jablot

Question 8

A (Pro-
Biogenesis) who boiled nutrient solutions in
flasks.
Simulated previous experiment but
boiled the broth longer.

Answer 8

1765: Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 9

He put an end to abiogenesis debate with his swan-neck or goose-
neck flask

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Question 10

• Finally put an end to abiogenesis
• Showed microbes caused
fermentation
• Studied spoilage and
introduced “Pasteurization” to
prevent it from contamination
•Used cotton plugs in his
cultures to prevent air borne
contamination
• Devised Aseptic Technique.

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

“
Father of Microbiology”

Answer 11

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Question 12

-They discovered the 1st compound microscope (circa 1595)?
- They • Mounted 2 lenses in
a tube and produced
the first compound
microscope.

Answer 12

Hans Lippershey and Zacharias
Janssen(1590) (Dutch lens
grinders)

Question 13

-first to observe microbes (protozoa, bacteria, yeast)
using a simple microscope
- reported his “animalcules” to the Royal Society of
London

Answer 13

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(draper and harberdasher- 1632-1723)

Question 14

They Pioneered the developments in microscopy such
as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses
which reduce chromatic aberration

Answer 14

Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe 1883

Question 15

a process of killing heat
resistant bacterial
endospores?

Answer 15

“tyndallization”

Question 16

•In 1877 - He explained the
need for prolonged heating
to eliminate microbial life
from infusions a process
know as “tyndallization”

Answer 16

John Tyndall (1820-1893)

Question 17

•His observation anticipated the
“Germ Theory of Disease”
• introduced hand washing as a
means of preventing transfer of
puerperal sepsis in obstetrical
patients

Answer 17

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 18

The man whose brilliance lost his job and
sanity

Answer 18

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 19

He proposed
the Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 19

1857:Louis Pasteur

Question 20

According to him, silkworm disease is
caused by a fungus called muscardine.

Answer 20

Agostino Bassi

Question 21

silkworm disease is
caused by?

Answer 21

fungus called muscardine

Question 22

Causal organism of pebrine disease of silkworm

Answer 22

protozoan parasite.

Question 23

According to Robert Koch- anthrax of cattle is caused by?

Answer 23

rod-shaped bacterium

Question 24

According to •Heinrich Anton de Bary – late blight
epidemic that cause potato famine in
Europe is caused by ?

Answer 24

Phytophthora
infestans

Question 25

“Father of Bacteriological Techniques”

Answer 25

Robert Koch (1876)

Question 26

▪Robert Koch’s provided proof that a bacterium
causes anthrax using steps now
called ?

Answer 26

Koch’s Postulates

Question 27

“Father of modern surgery”

Answer 27

Joseph Lister (1827-1912)

Question 28

1860s - He Introduced antiseptic technique.
• He used phenol or carbolic acid, a
chemical antiseptic to prevent surgical
wound infections.

Answer 28

Joseph Lister (1827-1912)

Question 29

He discovered the first antibiotic

Answer 29

Alexander Fleming (1928)

Question 30

The molds that are identified and source of antibiotics called penicillin.

Answer 30

Penicillium notatum

Question 31

He investigated the mosaic disease of
tobacco plants and found that the
disease-causing factor passed
through a porcelain filter that had
pores fine enough to hold back
bacteria

Answer 31

Dmitry Ivanovsky-1892

Question 32

The first to call the incitant of the
tobacco mosaic as ‘virus’, which he
considered before as toxins or
poisons)

Answer 32

Martinus Beijerinck (1898)

Question 33

The first to conduct an artificial
immunization in 1796 of a boy
using cowpox vaccine which
gave him immunity to smallpox
• Jenner’s vaccination paved
the way for the ultimate
eradication of smallpox.

Answer 33

Edward Jenner (1749- 1823)

Question 34

Father of Immunology

Answer 34

Edward Jenner (1749- 1823)

Question 35

He constructed the first electron
microscope

Answer 35

Ernst Ruska (1931)

Question 36

He Discovered “viroids” in 1971

Answer 36

Theodor Otto Diener

Question 37

He discovered that the causative
agent of the potato spindle tuber
disease is not a virus, but a
novel agent, which consists
solely of a short strand of
single-stranded RNA without a
protein capsid, eighty times
smaller than the smallest
viruses.

Answer 37

Theodor Otto Diener

Question 38

Won the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for
his discovery of prions –the
newest biological principle of
infection, which is a small
infectious protein capable of
causing fatal dementia-like
diseases in man and animals.

Answer 38

Stanley B. Prusiner

Question 39

Antibiotics came from molds Penicillium notatum

Answer 39

Penicillin