Lecture 2 History Of Microbiology Flashcards
Supporters of Theory of Spontaneous Generation
(Autogenetic theory or Abiogenesis
Aristotle,
Needham and the Ancient
Greeks
A theory where the Living organisms could
develop from nonliving
matter.
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
(Autogenetic theory or Abiogenesis
A theory where the alternative hypothesis that
living organisms can arise only
from pre-existing life forms?
Biogenesis or biogenetic
theory
Supporters of Biogenesis or biogenetic
theory?
Francesco Redi,
Spallanzani, Jablot, Louis
Pasteur, Robert Koch
A scientist (Pro Biogenesis) scientist who
challenged the idea that
maggots arise from rotten
meat?
Francisco Redi (1668)
A (Pro Abiogenesis) who boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks?
1745 -John Needham
He divided a hay infusion that had been boiled into two containers: a heated container that was closed to the air and a heated container that was freely open to the air. Only the open vessel developed microorganisms. This further helped to disprove abiogenesis.
Louis Jablot
A (Pro-
Biogenesis) who boiled nutrient solutions in
flasks.
Simulated previous experiment but
boiled the broth longer.
1765: Lazzaro Spallanzani
He put an end to abiogenesis debate with his swan-neck or goose-
neck flask
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
• Finally put an end to abiogenesis
• Showed microbes caused
fermentation
• Studied spoilage and
introduced “Pasteurization” to
prevent it from contamination
•Used cotton plugs in his
cultures to prevent air borne
contamination
• Devised Aseptic Technique.
Louis Pasteur
“
Father of Microbiology”
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
-They discovered the 1st compound microscope (circa 1595)?
- They • Mounted 2 lenses in
a tube and produced
the first compound
microscope.
Hans Lippershey and Zacharias
Janssen(1590) (Dutch lens
grinders)
-first to observe microbes (protozoa, bacteria, yeast)
using a simple microscope
- reported his “animalcules” to the Royal Society of
London
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(draper and harberdasher- 1632-1723)
They Pioneered the developments in microscopy such
as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses
which reduce chromatic aberration
Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe 1883
a process of killing heat
resistant bacterial
endospores?
“tyndallization”
•In 1877 - He explained the
need for prolonged heating
to eliminate microbial life
from infusions a process
know as “tyndallization”
John Tyndall (1820-1893)
•His observation anticipated the
“Germ Theory of Disease”
• introduced hand washing as a
means of preventing transfer of
puerperal sepsis in obstetrical
patients
Ignaz Semmelweis
The man whose brilliance lost his job and
sanity
Ignaz Semmelweis
He proposed
the Germ Theory of Disease
1857:Louis Pasteur
According to him, silkworm disease is
caused by a fungus called muscardine.
Agostino Bassi
silkworm disease is
caused by?
fungus called muscardine
Causal organism of pebrine disease of silkworm
protozoan parasite.
According to Robert Koch- anthrax of cattle is caused by?
rod-shaped bacterium
According to •Heinrich Anton de Bary – late blight
epidemic that cause potato famine in
Europe is caused by ?
Phytophthora
infestans
“Father of Bacteriological Techniques”
Robert Koch (1876)
▪Robert Koch’s provided proof that a bacterium
causes anthrax using steps now
called ?
Koch’s Postulates
“Father of modern surgery”
Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
1860s - He Introduced antiseptic technique.
• He used phenol or carbolic acid, a
chemical antiseptic to prevent surgical
wound infections.
Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
He discovered the first antibiotic
Alexander Fleming (1928)
The molds that are identified and source of antibiotics called penicillin.
Penicillium notatum
He investigated the mosaic disease of
tobacco plants and found that the
disease-causing factor passed
through a porcelain filter that had
pores fine enough to hold back
bacteria
Dmitry Ivanovsky-1892
The first to call the incitant of the
tobacco mosaic as ‘virus’, which he
considered before as toxins or
poisons)
Martinus Beijerinck (1898)
The first to conduct an artificial
immunization in 1796 of a boy
using cowpox vaccine which
gave him immunity to smallpox
• Jenner’s vaccination paved
the way for the ultimate
eradication of smallpox.
Edward Jenner (1749- 1823)
Father of Immunology
Edward Jenner (1749- 1823)
He constructed the first electron
microscope
Ernst Ruska (1931)
He Discovered “viroids” in 1971
Theodor Otto Diener
He discovered that the causative
agent of the potato spindle tuber
disease is not a virus, but a
novel agent, which consists
solely of a short strand of
single-stranded RNA without a
protein capsid, eighty times
smaller than the smallest
viruses.
Theodor Otto Diener
Won the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for
his discovery of prions –the
newest biological principle of
infection, which is a small
infectious protein capable of
causing fatal dementia-like
diseases in man and animals.
Stanley B. Prusiner
Antibiotics came from molds Penicillium notatum
Penicillin
