long exam

Question 1

A coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.

Answer 1

Learning Theory

Question 2

five primary educational learning theories

Answer 2

: behaviorism, cognitive, constructivism, humanism, and
connectivism.

Question 3

viewed as a highly active process largely directed by the individual.

Answer 3

Cognitive learning

Question 4

Educators trying to influence the learning process must
recognize the variety of past experiences, perceptions,
ways of incorporating and thinking about information

Answer 4

Cognitive Learning Theory

Question 5

one’s own understanding of their way of learning.

Answer 5

METACOGNITION

Question 6

Involves perceiving the information, interpreting it based
on what is already known, and then reorganizing the
information into new insights or understanding

Answer 6

Cognitive Learning Theory

Question 7

Perspectives of the cognitive learning theory

Answer 7

gestalt perspective, information processing, human / cognitive development, social constructivism / cognition, cognitive-emotional perspective

Question 8

One of the oldest psychological theories.

Answer 8

Gestalt perspective

Question 9

Emphasizes the importance of perception in
learning and lays the groundwork for various
other cognitive perspectives to follow it.

Answer 9

Gestalt perspective

Question 10

A principal assumption is that each person perceives, interprets, and responds to any situation in their own way

Answer 10

Gestalt perspective

Question 11

A cognitive perspective that emphasizes thinking processes

Answer 11

Information processing

Question 12

Nine events that activate effective learning

Answer 12

reception, expectancy, retrieval, selective perception, semantic encoding, reinforcement, retrieval, generalization

Question 13

gaining the learner’s attention

Answer 13

Reception

Question 14

informing the learner of the objectives and
experiences.

Answer 14

Expectancy

Question 15

stimulating the learner’s recall of prior learning.

Answer 15

Retrieval

Question 16

presenting information.

Answer 16

Selective Perception

Question 17

providing the guidance to facilitate the learner’s understanding.

Answer 17

Semantic Encoding

Question 18

giving feedback to the learner.

Answer 18

Reinforcement

Question 19

assessing the learner’s performance

Answer 19

Retrieval

Question 20

working to enhance retention and transfer through application and varied practice

Answer 20

Generalization

Question 21

FIRST STAGE

Answer 21

Attention

Question 22

SECOND STAGE

Answer 22

Processing

Question 23

THIRD STAGE

Answer 23

Memory Storage

Question 24

FOURTH STAGE

Answer 24

Action

Question 25

Focuses in qualitative changes in perceiving, thinking, and reasoning as individuals grow and mature.

Answer 25

Human/cognitive development

Question 26

“children take in or incorporate information as they interact with people and the environment.”

Answer 26

Piaget’s theory of cognitive learning

Question 27

where ethnicity, social class, gender, family life, life history, self-concept, and the learning situation itself all influence an individual’s perceptions, thoughts, emotions, interpretations, and responses to information and experiences.

Answer 27

Social constructivism

Question 28

Theorists posit that individuals formulate or construct their own versions of reality and that learning and human development are richly colored by the social and cultural context in which people find themselves.

Answer 28

Social Constructivism

Question 29

reflects a constructivist orientation and highlights the influence of social factors on perception, thought, and motivation.

Answer 29

Social cognition perspective

Question 30

When applied to learning, it emphasizes the need for instructors to consider the dynamics of the social environment and groups on both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior.

Answer 30

Social Cognition

Question 31

Focuses on the cause-and-effect relationships and explanations that individuals formulate to account for their own and others’ behavior and the way in which the world operates.

Answer 31

Attribution Theory

Question 32

These explanations are unique to the individual and tend to be strongly colored by cultural values and beliefs.

Answer 32

Attribution Theory

Question 33

Criticized for neglecting emotions, and efforts have been made to incorporate considerations related to emotions within a
cognitive framework.

Answer 33

Cognitive-emotional perspective

Question 34

play a significant role in influencing children’s moral development and in motivating people’s prosocial behavior, activism, and ethical responses.

Answer 34

Empathy and the moral emotions

Question 35

involve both cognitive and emotional brain processing.

Answer 35

Memory storage and retrieval

Question 36

entails an individual managing his emotions, motivating himself, reading the emotions of others, and working effectively in interpersonal relationships

Answer 36

Emotional intelligence (EI)