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Chapter 1 Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

“love of wisdom” , pertains to the desire for truth by formulating never ending questions to provide answers to every inquiry about the nature of human existence.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

An unexamined life is not worth living

A

Socrates

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3
Q

Man is an immortal soul

A

Plato

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4
Q

The essence of the self

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

The self has an immortal soul

A

St. Augustine

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6
Q

I think therefore I am

A

Rene Descarte

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7
Q

There is no self

A

David Hume

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8
Q

The self is multilayered

A

Sigmund Freud

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9
Q

The Self is the Brain

A

Paul Churchland

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10
Q

We construct the self

A

Imannuel Kant

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11
Q

The Self is Embodied Subjectivity

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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12
Q

The Self is the way people behave

A

Gilbert Ryle

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13
Q

Believes that every human possesses an immortal soul that survives the physical body.

A

Socrates

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14
Q

Reality consists of two dichotomous realms

A

Physical Realm & Ideal Realm

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15
Q

[ realm ] changeable, transient (impermanent), and imperfect. ex. the body

A

Physical Realm

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16
Q

[ realm ] unchanging, eternal and immortal. ex. goodness, truth, beauty, soul

A

Ideal Realm

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17
Q

the immortal entity ; strives for wisdom and perfection

A

Soul

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18
Q

the soul’s tool to achieve the exalted state

A

Reason

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19
Q

the source of all knowledge and significance ; where man must begin (in examining life)

A

The Self

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20
Q

is a method of carefully examining one’s thoughts and emotions to gain self- knowledge

A

The Socratic Method / Introspection

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21
Q

His philosophy can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul

A

Plato

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22
Q

Introduced the idea of the three-part soul

A

Plato

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23
Q

state the three-part soul

A

reason, physical appetite, spirit or passion

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24
Q

The divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths

A

Reason

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25
Our biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire
Physical Appetite
26
Basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy
Spirit or passion
27
the harmonious integration under the control of the reason
Justice
28
Believes that the soul is merely a set of defining feature and that the body and soul are not considered separate entities
Aristotle
29
[according to Aristotle] Human beings differ from one another because of their capacity for __
rational thinking
30
who introduced the three kinds of soul
Aristotle
31
what are the Three kinds of soul
Vegetative Soul Sentient Soul Rational Soul
32
[kind of soul] Includes the physical body that can grow
Vegetative Soul
33
[kind of soul] Includes sensual desires, feelings, and emotions
Sentient Soul
34
[kind of soul] What makes man human ; Includes the intellect that allows man to know and understand things
Rational Soul
35
The rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing and fulfilling life
self-actualization
36
Believes that the physical body is radically different from and inferior to its inhabitant, the immortal soul
St. Augustine
37
Believes that the physical body is radically different from and inferior to its inhabitant, the immortal soul
St. Augustine
38
The self seeks to be united with God through___ and ____
faith and reason
39
“ I am doubting, therefore I am”
St. Augustine
40
Augustine’s work where he describes that humankind is created in the image and likeness of God
Confessions
41
“ I think therefore I am” in Latin
Cogito ergo sum
42
Believes that the act of thinking about the self- of being self conscious - is in itself proof that there is a self
Rene Descarte
43
who proposed the Two Dimensions of the Human Self
Rene Descarte
44
[according to Descarte] what are the Two Dimensions of the Human Self
The self as a thinking entity (soul) and The self as a physical body
45
Non-material, immortal, conscious being, and independent of the physical laws of the universe
The self as a thinking entity (soul)
46
Material, mortal, non-thinking entity, fully governed by the physical laws of nature
The self as a physical body
47
who proposed that The self or personal identity is constructed primarily from sense experiences
John Locke
48
- accompanies thinking and makes possible the concept people have of a self - necessary to have a coherent personal (self) identity or knowledge of self as a person What makes identity of a person similar in different situations
Self- Consciousness
49
is based on careful observation of experiences
Knowledge
50
plays an important role in helping to figure out the significance of sense experience and to reach intelligent conclusions
Reason
51
Suggests that if people carefully examine their sense experience through introspection, they will discover that there is no self
David Hume
52
what are the distinct entities according to Hume
impressions and ideas
53
- basic sensations of people’s experience ; ex. Hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold, heat - strong and lively
Impressions
54
- thoughts and images from impressions - less lively and vivid
Ideas
55
(according to Hume) what results to the idea of personal identity
Imagination
56
proposed that the self consists of three layers
Sigmund Freud
57
Three layers of the self
conscious, unconscious and preconscious
58
usually takes into account the realistic demands of the situation, the consequences of various actions, and the overriding need to preserve the equilibrium (balance) of the entire psychodynamic system of the self
conscious self
59
Contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind.
preconscious
60
contains the basic instinctual drives including sexuality, aggressiveness, and self-destruction; traumatic memories; unfulfilled wishes and childhood fantasies; and thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo.
unconscious
61
consists of all which can be retrieved from memory.
preconscious
62
Governed by the “reality principle”
conscious self
63
governed by the “pleasure principle"
unconscious
64
Much of the self is determined by the ____ self
unconscious self
65
believed that The physical brain and not the imaginary mind, gives people the sense of self
Paul Churchland
66
The idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body
Eliminative Materialism
67
The mind does not really exist because____
it cannot be experiences by the senses
68
The self in the form of ______, utilizes conceptual categories to construct an orderly and objective world that is stable and can be investigated scientifically
consciousness
69
The self in the form of consciousness, utilizes conceptual categories which he calls ______, to construct an orderly and objective world that is stable and can be investigated scientifically
transcendental deduction of categories
70
[according to Kant] The product of reason is __
Self
71
Uses the categories of our mind to filter, order, relate, organize and synthesize sensations into a unified whole
Self
72
Constructs its own reality, actively creating a world that is familiar, predicable, and mine
Self
73
[according to Kant] A regulative principle Through rationality, people are able to understand certain abstract ideas that have no corresponding physical objects or sensory experience
Reason
74
Stated that self has a unified experience with a paradigm/ model that people should understand
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
75
Consciousness, the world, & the human body are intricately intertwined
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
76
the tendency or disposition of a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances
behavior
77
“I act therefore I am”
Gilbert Ryle
78
Proposed that the mind and body are intrinsically linked in complex and intimate ways - the self is the same as bodily behavior
Gilbert Ryle
79
is the totality of human dispositions that is known through the way people behave
The mind

UTS (5 decks)

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