Chapter 4 Physiological Perspective Flashcards
study of behavior and conscious & unconscious; study of the way people think and their emotions
Psychology
who came up with the concept of self (me and I self)
William James
two categories of the self
The “I-Self” & The “Me-self”
refers to the self that knows who he or she is the thinking self ; thinking entity
The “I-Self
reflects the soul of a person or what is not thought of as the mind and is called the ____
The “I-Sefl” , pure ego
Empirical self (objective self)
The “Me-self”
3 subcategories
of the Me-self
Material self, Social self, Spiritual self
[ subcategory of the me-self ] - physical attributes ; objects that a person possesses (e.g. wealth) or people that one possesses (e.g. friends, family)
- anything that we possess or are part of
- contributes to one’s self-image
Material self
[ subcategory of the me-self ] when the self has a different self because the self depends on social situation
Social self
[ subcategory of the me-self ] the most intimate and important part of the self
Where we find our purpose, core values, conscience, and moral behavior
Understanding the spiritual self requires introspection
Spiritual self
the self theory of the real and ideal self is by whom?
Carl Rogers
He defined as the self as a flexible & changing perception of personal identity ;
Suggested that the self develops from interaction with significant people & awareness of one’s own characteristics & level of functioning
Carl Rogers
Two components of self concept (according to Rogers)
Real self and Ideal Self
[ components of self concept] Awareness of what i am & what i can do
Real self
[ components of self concept] What one should be or wanted to be that includes one’s goals & ambitions in life
Ideal Self
Multiple Versus unified self, true versus false self is by?
Donald Winnicott
function is to hide and protect the true self.
False self
come out when we’re at home or when with family and close friends
True Self
more likely to show during dating situations
False self
The Self as Proactive and Agentic
Albert Bandura
embodies the endowments, belief systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and distributed structures and functions through which personal influence is exercised, rather than reside as a discrete entity.
Agency
What are the features of human agency
Intentionality, Forethought, Self-Reflectiveness, Self-Reactiveness, Self- Efficacy
refers to acts done intentionally
intentions center on plans of action
Requires omniscience to anticipate every outcome
Intentionality
Enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions
People are guided in their actions in anticipations of future events
Forethought
Gives the person the ability to reflect upon and the adequacy of his or her thoughts and actions
People are guided in their actions in anticipations of future events
Self-Reflectiveness
Involves making choices and choosing appropriate courses of action as well as motivating and regulating them
Self-Reactiveness
Refers to the individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task which influences whether he or she will think pessimistically or optimistically and in ways that are self-enhancing or self-hindering.
People are not only agents of actions but self-examiners of their own function
Self- Efficacy
are the universal models after which roles are patterned
is the predisposition of individuals to respond to the world
Represents the hidden potentialities of the psyche or the total personality
Reside in the personal unconscious
Archetypes
The Self as the Central Archetype
Carl Jung
what are the 4 major archetypes
- Persona
2.Shadow - Animus/Anima
- Self
is the individual’s conscious perception of the self
Ego
who proposed the Construction of Self and Personality
Sigmund Freud
Freud’s Psychosexual stages
- Oral Stage
- Anal Stage
- Phallic Stage
- Latent Stage
- Genital Stage
[Freud’s Psychosexual stages] - Birth to 1 year
- erogenous zone: mouth
> babies derive pleasure from oral activities such as sucking or biting
Oral Stage
[Freud’s Psychosexual stages] - 1 to 3 years
- erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
> the child derives pleasure from the elimination of body wastes
Anal Stage
[Freud’s Psychosexual stages] - 3 to 6 year
- erogenous zone: genitals
> children derive pleasure from examining, touching, fondling, or displaying their genitals ; during this stage children should be educated
Phallic Stage
[Freud’s Psychosexual stages] - 6 to puberty
- libido inactive
- considered the school stage
> sexual energy is repressed because children bevome occupied with school
Latent Stage
[Freud’s Psychosexual stages]
- adolescence / puberty to adulthood / death
- Maturing sexual interests
> pleasure is again derived from the genital area and individauls seek to satisfy their sexual drives from sexual relationships
Genital Stage
8 Psychosocial stages of development was proposed by whom?
Erik Erikson
what are the 8 Psychosocial stages of development
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs inferiority
- Identity formation vs identity confusion
- Intimacy vs isolation
- Generativity vs stagnation
- Integrity vs Despair
-is the positive force that contributes to identity formation and lays the foundation for certain strengths and virtues in life such as hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom
Ego
involves a person’s desire to contribute to the world by teaching, leading, and guiding the next generation and doing activities that will benefit the community
Generativity
independence of thought and confidence to think and act for oneself
Autonomy
