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Geography Paper 2 > London > Flashcards

London Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do UK cities tend to be located?

A
  • In flat low lying parts of the country
  • near major rivers
  • on coast
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2
Q

Where is London located?

A

In the south east on the river Thames

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3
Q

Where does London stand as a financial centre?

A

It is one of the top two most important financial centres in the world

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4
Q

Wha is London a centre for?

A
  • large international headquarters
  • media and communications networks
  • education, renowned universities and research
  • legal and medical facilities
  • culture, entertainment and tourism
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5
Q

In what catergories is London above average for compared to the UK?

A
  • population density
  • life expectancy
  • proportion of ethnic minorities
  • average earning
  • average house price
  • educational achievements
  • murder rate
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6
Q

How has London’s population changed?

A
  • it has mostly grown over the past 200 years

* from 1million to 8.6million

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7
Q

Why did the population change?

A
  • jobs created by industrial revolution attracted migrants

* ww2 caused mainly people to leave and buildings to be destroyed

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8
Q

Why is the age of London’s population like?

A
  • it is younger than the average of the UK because of unis, jobs and a social life
  • this leads to natural increase as they have kids
  • net migration is low but people migrating are young and people leaving are old
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9
Q

What percentage of London’s population are white British?

A

45%

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10
Q

What percentage of London’s population were born outside of the uk?

A

37%

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11
Q

What is London’s character like?

A

It is the most ethnically diverse city in the UK.

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12
Q

What are the opportunities in shoreditch?

A
  • new jobs in new creative industries such as web design and film making
  • new restaurants, cafes and art galleries
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13
Q

What is gentrification?

A

The process of rising property prices and changing population

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14
Q

Why does Transport have to improve in London?

A

To cope with the growing population and work opportunities

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15
Q

In 2014 god many passengers used underground trains, and buses?

A
  • 25 million on underground

* 50 million on buses

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16
Q

What Transport improvements are planned?

A
  • Crossrail
  • it is a new east-west rail route across London
  • it tunnels under London, reducing time and passenger journeys
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17
Q

What could be the impacts of Crossrail he on London?

A
  • reduce journey times
  • increase number of rail passenger journeys by 10%
  • bring an extra 1.5 million people within 45 mins of central London
  • improve the integrated Transport Austen by providing more interchanges with the underground network
  • raise property values by 25% around station along the route
  • encourage further regeneration across London providing more access to jobs
18
Q

What percentage of London is green space?

A

47% one of the worlds greenest cities

19
Q

Why is London so green?

A
  • it has central London parks such as Hyde park which are open to everyone
  • it has local parks run by the local council
  • suburban growth- the expansion of London led to new homes built on farmland resulting in gardens
20
Q

Why is it good to have green cities?

A
  • trees produce oxygen to clean the air
  • trees and open spaces reduce risk of flooding
  • parks, wildlife and domestic gardens provide habitats for wildlife
  • people enjoy open spaces to keep healthy
  • people use green spaces to grow food
21
Q

How many trees are there in London?

A

8.1 million

22
Q

How many wildlife species are there in London?

A

13,000

23
Q

How many allotments did growing food are there in London?

A

30,000

24
Q

What strategies can be used to make London greener?

A
  • encouraging people not to pave over gardens

* connecting green spaces to help species to migrate (create green grids)

25
Q

Social deprivation

A

The degree to which a person or a community lacks the things that are essential for a decent life, including money, work, housing and services

26
Q

What are two ways of measuring deprivation?

A
  • Life expectancy
  • % of people on benefits
  • household income
  • pupils achieving 5+ good GCSE grades
27
Q

What is London’s population growth per year

A

100,000 people per year

28
Q

How many new homes are built on London each year?

A

20,000

29
Q

Greenfield site

A

A place which has never previously been built on

30
Q

Brownfield site

A

Areas of land that have been previously built on but are now derelict

31
Q

Issues of building on greenfield sites

A
  • less public transport so more car
  • increases urban sprawl
  • once built on, it’s unlikely to be made countryside again
  • land is cheaper in rural areas
  • no demolition needed
  • valuable farmland or land for recreation is lost
  • natural habitats may be destroyed
32
Q

Issues of building on brownfield sites

A
  • sites are available since industry declined
  • reduces need for urban sprawl
  • public transport better in these areas so less cars
  • old buildings may need to be demolished
  • ground may need to be decontaminated
  • new development can improve urban environment
  • land is more expensive here
33
Q

Green belt

A

An area of land around a city which had strict planning controls to prevent urban sprawl

34
Q

What is the EU limit for NO2 in mg/m cubed

A

40mg per metre cubed

35
Q

Ways to decrease air pollution in London

A
  • new cycle superhighways encourage cycling to reduce car emissions
  • public transport over cars
  • reduces waste to landfill
36
Q

Where was the urban regeneration of the olympics?

A

Lower Lea Valley in Newham

37
Q

Why did the Lower Lea Valley need regeneration?

A
  • there were old factories, industrial estates and homes
  • derelict and overgrown sites
  • electricity pylons and overhead cables
  • contaminated soil and polluted waterways
38
Q

What are the new features of Lower Lea Valley?

A
  • new sports venues
  • a landscaped park with natural habitats and tourist attractions
  • the athletes village now converted into a residential community
  • clean soil and waterways
  • the London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC)
39
Q

What social and economic changes have taken place in Newham?

A
  • 2,800 new homes
  • a range of homes from one bedroom apartments to four bedroom town houses
  • 10 hectares of park and public open space
  • 35 small independent shops, cafes, bars and restaurants
  • a new school for 1,800 children all ages
40
Q

What are the benefits of cycling?

A
  • reduces air pollution
  • daily exercise/lowers obesity
  • quick and reliable transport
  • improves access to shops and services
  • better health

Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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