London Flashcards
Where do UK cities tend to be located?
- In flat low lying parts of the country
- near major rivers
- on coast
Where is London located?
In the south east on the river Thames
Where does London stand as a financial centre?
It is one of the top two most important financial centres in the world
Wha is London a centre for?
- large international headquarters
- media and communications networks
- education, renowned universities and research
- legal and medical facilities
- culture, entertainment and tourism
In what catergories is London above average for compared to the UK?
- population density
- life expectancy
- proportion of ethnic minorities
- average earning
- average house price
- educational achievements
- murder rate
How has London’s population changed?
- it has mostly grown over the past 200 years
* from 1million to 8.6million
Why did the population change?
- jobs created by industrial revolution attracted migrants
* ww2 caused mainly people to leave and buildings to be destroyed
Why is the age of London’s population like?
- it is younger than the average of the UK because of unis, jobs and a social life
- this leads to natural increase as they have kids
- net migration is low but people migrating are young and people leaving are old
What percentage of London’s population are white British?
45%
What percentage of London’s population were born outside of the uk?
37%
What is London’s character like?
It is the most ethnically diverse city in the UK.
What are the opportunities in shoreditch?
- new jobs in new creative industries such as web design and film making
- new restaurants, cafes and art galleries
What is gentrification?
The process of rising property prices and changing population
Why does Transport have to improve in London?
To cope with the growing population and work opportunities
In 2014 god many passengers used underground trains, and buses?
- 25 million on underground
* 50 million on buses
What Transport improvements are planned?
- Crossrail
- it is a new east-west rail route across London
- it tunnels under London, reducing time and passenger journeys
What could be the impacts of Crossrail he on London?
- reduce journey times
- increase number of rail passenger journeys by 10%
- bring an extra 1.5 million people within 45 mins of central London
- improve the integrated Transport Austen by providing more interchanges with the underground network
- raise property values by 25% around station along the route
- encourage further regeneration across London providing more access to jobs
What percentage of London is green space?
47% one of the worlds greenest cities
Why is London so green?
- it has central London parks such as Hyde park which are open to everyone
- it has local parks run by the local council
- suburban growth- the expansion of London led to new homes built on farmland resulting in gardens
Why is it good to have green cities?
- trees produce oxygen to clean the air
- trees and open spaces reduce risk of flooding
- parks, wildlife and domestic gardens provide habitats for wildlife
- people enjoy open spaces to keep healthy
- people use green spaces to grow food
How many trees are there in London?
8.1 million
How many wildlife species are there in London?
13,000
How many allotments did growing food are there in London?
30,000
What strategies can be used to make London greener?
- encouraging people not to pave over gardens
* connecting green spaces to help species to migrate (create green grids)
Social deprivation
The degree to which a person or a community lacks the things that are essential for a decent life, including money, work, housing and services
What are two ways of measuring deprivation?
- Life expectancy
- % of people on benefits
- household income
- pupils achieving 5+ good GCSE grades
What is London’s population growth per year
100,000 people per year
How many new homes are built on London each year?
20,000
Greenfield site
A place which has never previously been built on
Brownfield site
Areas of land that have been previously built on but are now derelict
Issues of building on greenfield sites
- less public transport so more car
- increases urban sprawl
- once built on, it’s unlikely to be made countryside again
- land is cheaper in rural areas
- no demolition needed
- valuable farmland or land for recreation is lost
- natural habitats may be destroyed
Issues of building on brownfield sites
- sites are available since industry declined
- reduces need for urban sprawl
- public transport better in these areas so less cars
- old buildings may need to be demolished
- ground may need to be decontaminated
- new development can improve urban environment
- land is more expensive here
Green belt
An area of land around a city which had strict planning controls to prevent urban sprawl
What is the EU limit for NO2 in mg/m cubed
40mg per metre cubed
Ways to decrease air pollution in London
- new cycle superhighways encourage cycling to reduce car emissions
- public transport over cars
- reduces waste to landfill
Where was the urban regeneration of the olympics?
Lower Lea Valley in Newham
Why did the Lower Lea Valley need regeneration?
- there were old factories, industrial estates and homes
- derelict and overgrown sites
- electricity pylons and overhead cables
- contaminated soil and polluted waterways
What are the new features of Lower Lea Valley?
- new sports venues
- a landscaped park with natural habitats and tourist attractions
- the athletes village now converted into a residential community
- clean soil and waterways
- the London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC)
What social and economic changes have taken place in Newham?
- 2,800 new homes
- a range of homes from one bedroom apartments to four bedroom town houses
- 10 hectares of park and public open space
- 35 small independent shops, cafes, bars and restaurants
- a new school for 1,800 children all ages
What are the benefits of cycling?
- reduces air pollution
- daily exercise/lowers obesity
- quick and reliable transport
- improves access to shops and services
- better health
