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Geography Paper 2 > Lagos > Flashcards

Lagos Flashcards

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1
Q

Location of Lagos

A
  • it lies on the southwest of Nigeria
  • at the coast of the Gulf of Guinea
  • it is close to the border with Benin
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2
Q

When did Abuja take over as the capital from Lagos?

A

•1991

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3
Q

How much of Nigeria’s industry is based in and around Lagos

A

80%

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4
Q

How important is Lagos to Africa

A
  • It is one of three megacities in Africa

* it is the financial centre of west Africa

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5
Q

Lagos population growth rate

A

600,000 people per year

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6
Q

Area of Lagos

A

1,000km squared

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7
Q

Average earnings

A

£670 per year

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8
Q

Gross domestic product

A

£18 billion per year

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9
Q

Waste per day

A

10,000 tonnes per day

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10
Q

Reported murderers

A

1% of households have reported the murder of a family member

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11
Q

Religion

A
  • 68% Christian

* Large minority are Muslim

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12
Q

What was the main cause of migration to Lagos in the 1970s?

A
  • oil boom

* this drew thousands of people t the city for work

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13
Q

Why is there a high rate of natural increases in Lagos

A

The city’s population is young as most of the migrants are young

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14
Q

Push factors in rural areas to Lagos

A
  • education and health services are poor
  • weather is less predictable,droughts and floods occur
  • farming has low wage
  • few job opportunities
  • land shortage for farming
  • land is degraded
  • terrorise groups such as Boko Haram are active
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15
Q

Problems with Lagos

A
  • congested roads
  • high crime rates
  • violent street gangs
  • short supply of electricity
  • poor sewage system
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16
Q

What are the two economies in Lagos

A
  • formal economy- teacher, paying tax

* informal economy- street vendor, don’t pay tax

17
Q

What opportunities are available in Lagos?

A
  • employment- more jobs in Lagos than anywhere else in Nigeria
  • education- more schools and universities, more chance of going into growing industries like finance, film or fashion
  • health care- much more hospitals
  • electricity- two new power stations to be put in place
  • water- public taps, boreholes or buy water from street vendors
18
Q

How much of Lagos’ population live in squatter settlements or slums?

A

60%

19
Q

What is the average wage for the informal economy?

A

£1 per day

20
Q

What percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) does Lagos contribute to in Nigeria?

A

30%

21
Q

What is the new project in Lagos?

A
  • Eko Atlantic
  • plans to be the new financial hub of West Africa
  • joint project between the city government and international private investors
  • it will be home to 250,000 people and employ 150,000 more
22
Q

What is the 2016 Employment Trust Fund bill?

A

•a bill to grabt unemployed people loans to help them being self employed

23
Q

What percentage of new jobs created are in the informal section?

A

90%

24
Q

Waste issues

A
  • only 40% of rubbish is collected
  • only 13% is recycled
  • toxic fumes are released
  • 3,000 tonnes of waste are sorted per day by hand
  • workers live at the dump
  • natural gases build up and cause fires
25
Q

What is Lagos State Waste Management?

A
  • a company planning to use rubbish to harness energy from collected methane
  • this would produce 25MW enough to power a town
26
Q

Housing conditions in squatter settlements

A
  • 25% of houses have more than one room
  • 10% have a bath, kitchen and toilet
  • 11% have piped water
  • 10% of toilets have a septic tank
27
Q

What are the ways of collecting water in Lagos?

A
  • piped supply
  • water vendors
  • self made Wells or boreholes
  • public taps
  • river
28
Q

How are rising sea levels a threat to Lagos?

A
  • Lagos is vulnerable to flooding
  • flat, low-lying land that is quick to flood but slow to drain
  • it has a wet tropical climate with over 2,000 millimetres of annual rainfall
  • rapid urbanisation has covered land with concrete
  • squatter settlements have no proper drainage
29
Q

Average time in traffic per person

A

3 hours per day

30
Q

What is air pollution like?

A

5x higher than the international recommended limit

31
Q

What has been done to reduce traffic congestion?

A
  • in 2003 Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) was set up
  • a bus rapid transit system was introduced into the CBD
  • this provides a separate lane for buses to reduce travel times.
  • 200,000 people use the service each day, a quarter of all commuters
  • there are a lot of taxis known as danfos which carry 10-15 people
32
Q

How could a transport master plan help Lagos?

A
  • in 2016 a west-east route into the CBD designed to carry 1,400,000 people per day
  • this is part of a wider Strategic Transport Master Plan for Lagos
  • a new waterway network of ferries
  • better urban planning
  • a new airport on the Lekki Penisula
  • better walking and cycling facilities
33
Q

How can urban planning improve Lagos?

A
  • create communities on water around Lagos
  • the Makoko Floating School was built in 2014
  • it can host lessons for 69 children at a time and is also used for a community centre
34
Q

How can urban planning have environmental benefits?

A
  • the makoko floating school is environmentally stable
  • it helps withstand the rising sea levels
  • solar panels
  • natural ventilation
  • shade from sunlight
  • local building materials used
35
Q

What challenges do Lagos face in the 21st century

A
  • growing population- predicted to have a population of 40m by 2035
  • population density- there is only limited space for people and is already 4x more crowded than London
  • rising sea levels- it will rise 1m by end of 21st century
  • water supply- lacks systems for storing water for population
  • power supply- poor electricity system

Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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