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Geography Paper 2 > Economic Development In India > Flashcards

Economic Development In India Flashcards

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1
Q

What is India’s population?

A
  • 1.236 billion

* 2nd biggest in the world

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2
Q

What Development group does India fit into?

A

NEE

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3
Q

When did India become independent?

A

1947

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4
Q

What is India’s HDI?

A

0.61

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5
Q

What is the national disparity like?

A

It has a medium Gini coefficient of 0.35-0.39

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6
Q

How much of India’s population live in poverty?

A

Over 20%

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7
Q

What is the adult literacy rate?

A

Less than 70%

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8
Q

How much of the population work in the primary industry of jobs?

A

50% but it is decreasing

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9
Q

What % of GDP does the primary sector make up for India?

A

17%

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10
Q

What % of people work in the secondary industry of jobs?

A

22%

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11
Q

How is the secondsry industry important to India?

A
  • it provides stable jobs compared to seasonal agriculture
  • selling manufactured goods abroad brings more income to India than selling raw materials
  • it stimulates economic development
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12
Q

What are the four industries of work?

A
  • primary- agriculture
  • secondary- manufacturing
  • tertiary- services
  • quaternary- research
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13
Q

How much people work in the tertiary and quaternary industries in India?

A

29%

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14
Q

What % of India’s GDP do tertiary and quaternary industries contribute to?

A

53%

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15
Q

Advantages of TNCs

A
  • create jobs for poor
  • employees in poorer countries get more reliable income
  • TNCs speaks money to improve the local infrastructure
  • new technology and skills are brought to poorer countries
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16
Q

Disadvantages of TNCs

A
  • employees in poor countries are paid less
  • employees in poor countries work long hours in poor conditions
  • most profits go to rich countries
  • the TNC could relocate so the jobs aren’t secure
17
Q

What TNC works in India?

A

Unilever- one of the worlds biggest food and consumer goods manufacturers

18
Q

Advantages of Unilever

A
  • provide 16,000 jobs
  • greater income from tax or India
  • project shakti helps poor women in rural areas become entrepreneurs by lending loans, there are 45,000 women in this scheme
  • Unilever runs hygiene education programs and provides sanitation to 115 million people
19
Q

Disadvantages of TNCs

A
  • profits go back to Netherlands/ Britain
  • mercury from Unilever factory ended up in waste dump and caused environmental damage and health problems
  • Unilever have been accused of closing factories in Mumbai once local tax breaks ended
20
Q

What is India doing to increase international relations and trade

A
  • reducing barriers to trade and encouraging foreign direct investment
  • trade with foreign businesses is increasing
  • India is working with its neighbours to build the TAPI pipeline to carry natural gas from Turkmenistan to India
21
Q

What are the different types of aid India receives?

A
  • short term aid
  • long term aid
  • top down aid
  • bottom up aid
22
Q

When has short term aid been used in India

A
  • in emergencies
  • UK sent £10 million, a rescue team and 1200 tents after an earthquake in 2001
  • helps with immediate disaster relief but not long term recovery efforts
23
Q

When has long term aid been used in India?

A
  • India receives £200 million from uk every year to tackle poverty
  • India’s has had problems with corruption so aid doesn’t always reach the poorest people
  • used to help sustainable development
24
Q

When has top down aid been used in India?

A
  • when an organisation receives the aid and decides where it should be spent
  • often large infrastructure projects like dams for hydroelectric power or irrigation schemes
  • doesn’t always help improve quality of life for the poorest people
25
Q

When has bottom up aid been used in India?

A
  • money given directly to local people
  • for example water aid trains local people to maintain village hand pumps in rural India
  • can have a large impact, can improve health, skills and income
26
Q

How has economic development had impacts on quality of life in India?

A
  • more jobs
  • daily wage has increased by 42 rupees since 2010
  • more money to improve their life by getting clean water, better homes, medical care
  • some jobs like mining can be dangerous and reduce quality of life
27
Q

How has economic development had impacts on the environment in India?

A
  • India’s energy consumption has increased, more release of greenhouse gasses
  • Delhi is the most polluted city in the world
  • destruction of habitats by demand for resources
  • increased income means people can protect the environment eg since 1990 India’s forest cover has increased

Geography Paper 2 (8 decks)

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