Economic Development In India Flashcards
What is India’s population?
- 1.236 billion
* 2nd biggest in the world
What Development group does India fit into?
NEE
When did India become independent?
1947
What is India’s HDI?
0.61
What is the national disparity like?
It has a medium Gini coefficient of 0.35-0.39
How much of India’s population live in poverty?
Over 20%
What is the adult literacy rate?
Less than 70%
How much of the population work in the primary industry of jobs?
50% but it is decreasing
What % of GDP does the primary sector make up for India?
17%
What % of people work in the secondary industry of jobs?
22%
How is the secondsry industry important to India?
- it provides stable jobs compared to seasonal agriculture
- selling manufactured goods abroad brings more income to India than selling raw materials
- it stimulates economic development
What are the four industries of work?
- primary- agriculture
- secondary- manufacturing
- tertiary- services
- quaternary- research
How much people work in the tertiary and quaternary industries in India?
29%
What % of India’s GDP do tertiary and quaternary industries contribute to?
53%
Advantages of TNCs
- create jobs for poor
- employees in poorer countries get more reliable income
- TNCs speaks money to improve the local infrastructure
- new technology and skills are brought to poorer countries
Disadvantages of TNCs
- employees in poor countries are paid less
- employees in poor countries work long hours in poor conditions
- most profits go to rich countries
- the TNC could relocate so the jobs aren’t secure
What TNC works in India?
Unilever- one of the worlds biggest food and consumer goods manufacturers
Advantages of Unilever
- provide 16,000 jobs
- greater income from tax or India
- project shakti helps poor women in rural areas become entrepreneurs by lending loans, there are 45,000 women in this scheme
- Unilever runs hygiene education programs and provides sanitation to 115 million people
Disadvantages of TNCs
- profits go back to Netherlands/ Britain
- mercury from Unilever factory ended up in waste dump and caused environmental damage and health problems
- Unilever have been accused of closing factories in Mumbai once local tax breaks ended
What is India doing to increase international relations and trade
- reducing barriers to trade and encouraging foreign direct investment
- trade with foreign businesses is increasing
- India is working with its neighbours to build the TAPI pipeline to carry natural gas from Turkmenistan to India
What are the different types of aid India receives?
- short term aid
- long term aid
- top down aid
- bottom up aid
When has short term aid been used in India
- in emergencies
- UK sent £10 million, a rescue team and 1200 tents after an earthquake in 2001
- helps with immediate disaster relief but not long term recovery efforts
When has long term aid been used in India?
- India receives £200 million from uk every year to tackle poverty
- India’s has had problems with corruption so aid doesn’t always reach the poorest people
- used to help sustainable development
When has top down aid been used in India?
- when an organisation receives the aid and decides where it should be spent
- often large infrastructure projects like dams for hydroelectric power or irrigation schemes
- doesn’t always help improve quality of life for the poorest people
When has bottom up aid been used in India?
- money given directly to local people
- for example water aid trains local people to maintain village hand pumps in rural India
- can have a large impact, can improve health, skills and income
How has economic development had impacts on quality of life in India?
- more jobs
- daily wage has increased by 42 rupees since 2010
- more money to improve their life by getting clean water, better homes, medical care
- some jobs like mining can be dangerous and reduce quality of life
How has economic development had impacts on the environment in India?
- India’s energy consumption has increased, more release of greenhouse gasses
- Delhi is the most polluted city in the world
- destruction of habitats by demand for resources
- increased income means people can protect the environment eg since 1990 India’s forest cover has increased
