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GCSE Geography *** > London > Flashcards

London Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is London located ?

A

London is located in south east England on the River Thames

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2
Q

What is London’s national and international importance ?

A
  • one of the two most important financial centres in the world
  • large international business headquarters are based there
  • London is also a national and international centre for tourism, media, education and medical facilities
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3
Q

What was Londons population in 2015 ?

A
  • 8.6 million

* overtaking its last peak in 1939

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4
Q

How do imagrants benefit the economy ?

A

• creating new jobs by setting up their own businesses and by spending the money they earn
• work for less desirable jobs, enabling U.K.
workers to carry out better paid ones

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5
Q

How many immigrants live in the U.K. ?

A

8 million

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6
Q

What percent of the UKs immigrant live in London ?

A

40%

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7
Q

How do migrants effect the economy ?

A
  • they pay tax
  • work in own business and health
  • spend their money into UK economy
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8
Q

How do migrants effect London socially ?

A
  • 26% of doctors are born outside the UK

* benefit local children in schools as well, as they speak another language and other children have to pick it up

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9
Q

How does migration effect the character of London ?

A

It makes it more diverse and more cultural

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10
Q

What is the Cultural impact of migration on London ?

A
  • London riots because inequality
  • mini-India brings jobs and business
  • china town bring diversity - 1.4million people visit it every year
  • London arts and heritage diversity scheme although there is only 7% of black people working there
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11
Q

How has urban change created jobs opportunities?

A
  • more migrants

* they bring there businesses and therefore jobs

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12
Q

How has urban change created an integrated transport system ?

A
  • more people means a need for better transport systems because of more congestion
  • demand for public transport is predicted to grow by 60% by 2050
  • cross rail is a new, east-west rail route across London due to open in 2018
  • reduce journey times - some from 1hour to 35mins
  • improve intergrated transport system in London
  • improve access for disabled people on trains
  • raise property values by 25% around the stations
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13
Q

How has urban change created urban greening

A
  • Created central London parks e.g. Hyde park
  • local parks
  • Suburban growth - the expansion of London in the early 20th century led to the development of suburbs. They were built on farmland, providing millions of new homes with garden spaces.
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14
Q

What percent of London is green ?

A

47%

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15
Q

Why is it good to have a green city ?

A
  • trees produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
  • there is 8.1 million trees in London
  • reduce flooding, by reducing lag time
  • habitats for wildlife - 13,000 wildlife species in London
  • good spaces for growing food - 30,000 allotments in London
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16
Q

What is urban greening ?

A

Urban greening is about how we increase and protect the green spaces we have in cities

17
Q

What strategies are there for urban greening ?

A
  • small-scale - feeding birds
  • large scale - connecting green spaces together to let animals migrate naturally
  • garden bridge across the river Thames, planned to open in 2018, creates green spaces and links the city together
18
Q

How many people are living in poverty in London ?

A

2 million

19
Q

What is social deprivation ?

A

The degree to which a person or a community lacks the things that are essential for a decent life

20
Q

What are they ways to measure deprivation ?

A
  • life expectancy - the more deprived a person is the lower the life expectancy
  • state benefits - people who are unemployed are on them to help hem financially
21
Q

Why is inequality still a challenge in London ?

A
  • places like Newham have high deprivation as they have poor diets, housing and education
  • places like Kensington & Chelsea have low deprivation as they have better education and housing leading to more employment
22
Q

What is the contrast in life expectancy from someone in Kensington & Chelsea to someone in Newham ?

A

85.8 to 77.8

23
Q

Why is there a shortage in houses in London ?

A

• London is growing by 100,000 per year but only 20,000 new homes are built

24
Q

What are the reasons for building on brownfield sites ?

A
  • sites are available
  • reduces the need for urban sprawl
  • public transport is better in urban areas, so less need for cars
  • old buildings may need to be demolished first
  • ground may need to be decontaminated
  • land is more expensive in urban areas
  • new development can improve he urban environment
25
Q

What are the reasons for building on greenfield-sites ?

A
  • public transport is worse in rural areas, so more need for cars
  • increases urban sprawl
  • once land is built on it is unlikely to be turned back into countryside
  • land is cheaper in rural areas
  • no demolition or decontamination is needed
  • valuable land for farming may be lost
  • natural habitats may be lost
26
Q

Reasons for and against building on the green belt

A
  • need for new houses
  • increases urban sprawl
  • loss of habitat
27
Q

What is the main problem of pollution ?

A

Road vechiles and modern heating

28
Q

What makes pollution worse ?

A

Tall buildings trap in the smog and dense road network in London

29
Q

What gas is comman in London ?

A

• NO2 nitrogen dioxide that comes for vehicles, especially Diesel engines

30
Q

What is the air quality in London like ? And what does it cause ?

A
  • London regularly breaks EU regulations on air quality

* and there is 4,000 premature deaths a year in London due to long-term exposure to air pollution

31
Q

How will a new cycle superhighway help the pollution in London ?

A
  • encourage more people to cycle
  • reduce traffic and harmful emissions from vehicles
  • cyclists have increased from 1% to 15% of road users in London in the last 50 years
32
Q

What happens to Londons waste ?

A
  • almost 25% of londons waste still goes to landfill
  • however this produces methane build, and increases greenhouse gases
  • more of londons waste is now recycled up to 61%
  • the target is for 0 waste to go to landfill by 2030, by focusing on waste reduction

GCSE Geography *** (10 decks)

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