Climate Hazard

Question 1

Isolation

Answer 1

The amount of sunlights rays an area receives overspecified time

Question 2

Why does isolation vary ?

Answer 2

• varies with latitude
• high latitude = spread thinly
• low latitude = more concentrated

Question 3

What does isolation cause ?

Answer 3

• isolation heats up air and it rises
• it heads either north or south (depending on the global atmospheric circulation model)
• it then cools and sinks giving high pressure

Question 4

When air is sinking it is….

Answer 4

High pressure

- normally deserts

Question 5

When air is rising it is….

Answer 5

Low pressure

- normally lush vegetated areas

Question 6

Why does wind occur?

Answer 6

Wind occurs because air molecules move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Question 7

The three names for tropical storms

Answer 7

• hurricane
• cyclones
• typhoons

Question 8

Conditions needed for a Tropical storm

Answer 8

• Low pressure
• 27* so air can rise and create low pressure
• Over the ocean for moisture to form clouds
• Low wind sheer so clouds can rise without being torn apart

Question 9

Distribution of tropical storms

Answer 9

• just above and below the equator normally 30* as they have perfect conditions
• do not form on the equator as the Corilois effect isn’t strong enough

Question 10

Formation of a tropical storm

Answer 10

• the sun warm the ocean to 27*
• water evaporates and rises causing low pressure
• the warm air comes into contact with a mass of cold air forming clouds
• A column of the high-pressure develops at the centre. Winds form around the column
• Some cooled air sinks back down helping to create the eye
• air rushes in from high-pressure areas outside of the storm to lower pressure areas at the centre of the storm creating winds
• The whole storm rotates due to the Coriolis effect

Question 11

What is the coriolis effect?

Answer 11

• the rotation of the earth causes winds to take a curved path

Question 12

How does climate change effect the intensity of a tropical storm?

Answer 12

• tropical storms expected to become 2 to 11 % more intense by 2100
• The number of category 4 to 5 tropical storms has increased since the 1970s
• every degree increase in seasurface temperature will mean 3 to 5 percent increase in wind speeds

Question 13

How will climate change will affect frequency and distribution of tropical storms?

Answer 13

• frequency is predicted to stay the same however the number of more severe storms is to increase
• The regions that experience tropical storms are not meant to change

Question 14

What are the primary effects of a tropical storm?

Answer 14

• heavy rainfall
• wind speed at least 119km/h
• destroying houses, crops and infrastructure

Question 15

What are the secondary effects of a tropical storm?

Answer 15

• heavy rainfall causes flooding and storm surges
• storm surges can get up to 5m in height
• heavy rainfall can be 500 mm in 24 hours
• landslides can occur due to heavy rainfall
• aid cannot be reached as roads are flooded
• water supplies can be contaminated with sea water or sewage which increases the risk of disease

Question 16

What are the immediate responses to tropical storms?

Answer 16

• warning systems are broadcast to the public to allow them to prepare and protect themselves from the oncoming storm
• evacuation occurs
• distribution of emergency food and water

Question 17

What are the long-term responses to a tropical storm?

Answer 17

• governments build more stable and tropical storm resistant buildings
• projects invest in better protection and protection equipment eg. Warning systems for storm surges

Question 18

Key facts about typhoon Haiyan

Answer 18

• it was one of the strongest tropical storms ever recorded
• it hit South East Asia on the 8th of November 2013
• Windspeeds reached up to 200 mph
• The death toll was 6340
• 27,000 people were injured
• 670,000 people were left homeless
• category 5 storm

Question 19

Path of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 19

• central Leyte on the 7th of November
• northern Cabu and Panay on the 8th November
• Vietnam on 11th November

Question 20

Primary effects of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 20

• 200mph winds
• 400mm of heavy rainfall flooded, 1km inland
• 5m storm surge
• 1.1 million houses damaged
• 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed
• power was interrupted

Question 21

Secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 21

• oil barge spilled 800,000 litres of oil contaminated and 10 hectores of trees
• fishing have to stop due to contamination
• flooding caused water to be contaminated causing disease
• 8 people were trampled to death from a Stampede of people trying to get rice supplies
• Rice prices had risen by 11.9 percent by 2014

Question 22

Immediate response to typhoon

Haiyan

Answer 22

• President televised a warning
• 800,000 people were evacuated to a stadium in Tacloban then died when it flooded
• Government sent out supplies
• emergency aid arrived 3 days later with
1 million food packs and 250,000 litres of water
• countries raised an overall US$1.5 billion

Question 23

Long-term responses to typhoon

Haiyan

Answer 23

• They have no build zone along the coast in eastern visayas
• New storm surge warning system
• Mangroves were replaced

Question 24

How do you satellites help reduce the effect of tropical storms ?

Answer 24

• detects a classic cloud pattern associated with tropical storms

Question 25

The 4 types of projects used to reduce the effect of tropical storms

Answer 25

• monitoring
• prediction
• planning
• protection

Question 26

The two forms of monitoring

Answer 26

• aircrafts

* satellites

Question 27

How do you aircraft reduce the effect of tropical storms

Answer 27

• Fly through tropical storms to collect at pressure rainfall and windspeed data

Question 28

How does prediction reduce your effect of a tropical storm?

Answer 28

• Data is fed into supercomputers which can predict the part on intensity of storms
• this can help warn and evacuate certain areas that the storm will pass through
• NOAA developed two new supercomputers that can give 5 days warning and a location within 400 km

Question 29

How come protection reduce the effect of a tropical storm?

Answer 29

• install an emergency generator
• reinforced garage doors
• remove trees close to buildings
• Tiedown wind borne objects
• install hurricane straps

Question 30

How does planning reduced your fact of tropical storms?

Answer 30

• Prepare disaster supply kits
• having fuel in vehicles
• knowing where official evacuation shelters are
• planning what to do in case of emergency

Question 31

Storm Jude key facts

Answer 31

• hit the south coast of England on the 27th and 28th of October 2013
• 4 people died
• Wind speed of up to 100 mph
• 1/2 million homes lost power

Question 32

Cause of storm Jude

Answer 32

• low-pressure push by a jet stream
• Warm air and polar air being pulled in
• strong jet stream looping over the Atlantic

Question 33

Social effects of storm Jude

Answer 33

• travel plans had to be changed
• road is blocked by trees and debris
• trains had been cancelled
• 500,000 homes without power
• 4 deaths

Question 34

Economic effects of storm Jude

Answer 34

• people couldn’t get to work due to train cancellations
• 0.3 - 0.5 billion pounds of damage caused
• Insurance companies had to take on extra staff to cope

Question 35

Environmental affects of storm Jude

Answer 35

• 10 million trees destroyed
• flooding
• structural damage

Question 36

Immediate response to storm Jude

Answer 36

• wreckage was cleared
• sandbags replaced in front of buildings to stop flooding
• 200 trees on railways were cleared

Question 37

Long-term responses to storm Jude

Answer 37

• houses need to be rebuilt
• Insurance companies pay out
• parties help pay for lost homes and families of the deceased