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GCSE Geography *** > Glaciation > Flashcards

Glaciation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is striations ?

A

Scratches in the rock from other rocks rubbing against it

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2
Q

What is roches moutones ?

A

A small rock with one side smooth and gently sloping, and on the other side steep and rough

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3
Q

What is a misfit stream ?

A

A stream that didn’t make its valley its shape

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4
Q

What is a U-shaped valley

A

A Valley shaped by a glacier

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5
Q

What is a hanging valley ?

A

A Valley that is cut across by deeper Valley

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6
Q

What is the ribbon lake ?

A

A long and narrow lake in a rock basin caused by a glacier

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7
Q

What is a V shaped Valley

A

A Valley caused by a river

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8
Q

What is scree ?

A

A mass of small loose rocks that form or cover a slope on a Mountain

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9
Q

What is a truncated spur ?

A

A spur that descends towards a valley floor

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10
Q

What is a corrie?

A

A steep sided hollow, formed by glacial erosion

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11
Q

What is an arête ?

A

A sharp mountain Ridge

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12
Q

What is a pyramidal peak ?

A

And angular three pointed arête

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13
Q

What is freeze thaw ?

A

A rock that when water fills its cracks and expand, and this process is repeated it weakens he rock and causes parts of the rock to crack off

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14
Q

What is erosion ?

A

Wearing away a rock by wind, water or rock

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15
Q

What is abrasion ?

A

The process of scraping and eroding a material, it may cause striations or polish rock surface

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16
Q

What is plucking ?

A

When rock becomes frozen to the base of the glacier and when the glacier moves it is ripped off

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17
Q

Describe the formation of a V shape valley which turns into a U-shaped valley

A
  • A river erodes the bottom of the river bed
  • it makes it deeper which puts pressure on the sides
  • The sides collapse in now making the river the shape of a V
  • Ice layers the floor of the river and snow has filled the gaps causing abrasion
  • Constant freeze thaw weathering, abrasion and plucking has started to make the V shaped Valley a U shaped valley over time
  • eventually when all the snowmelts the V shaped Valley has turned into a U-shaped valley
18
Q

Describe Corrie formation

A
  • snowfalls and collects in a slight hollow, the snow compresses and turns into ice
  • Snow continues to fall, building it up even more
  • Rock fragments freeze into ice at back and base of Corrie due to freezthaw weathering
  • The ice mass slides slowly downhill because of its weight
  • back wall has been made steeper by erosion and frost-shattering
  • base of hollow has been made deeper by abrasion and plucking
  • material has been deposited to create a Corrie lip
  • when the snow has melted it forms a Corrie lake
19
Q

What is rotational slip ?

A

A circular motion of snow, eroding the mountain face

20
Q

What is bulldozing ?

A

The Pushing of deposited sediment at the end of the glacier as it advances

21
Q

What is outwash ?

A

• material deposited by meltwater from glaziers. The material is rounded because of attrition

22
Q

What is till ?

A

A mixture of materials carried by a glacier and deposited as ground morain

23
Q

How are arêtes formed ?

A

When two Corries are back to back or side by side

24
Q

How do you pyramidal peaks form ?

A

When three or more Corries are back to back

25
Q

How is are ribbon lakes formed ?

A
  • The Glacier finds it difficult to erode the hard rock, but easy to erode the soft rock. This creates a rock basin
  • when the glacier melts it fills the rock basin to create a ribbon lake
  • moraine is deposited at the end of the ribbon lake
26
Q

How are drumlins formed ?

A
  • material is deposited underneath the glacier as ground moraine
  • ground Moraine is sculpted to form drumlin shapes by further ice movements
27
Q

How are Erratics formed ?

A

• they have been transported and deposited by a glacier

28
Q

What is an erratic ?

A

A Boulder that is different to the bedrock it is sitting upon

29
Q

What is lateral moraine ?

A

Lateral moraine is material that has been plucked by freezethaw weathering and has been carried down the sides of the valley

30
Q

What is medial moraine ?

A

Medial moraine is found at the centre of the glacier and it is when two moraines join together

31
Q

What is ground moraine ?

A

Ground moraine is material dragged underneath a glacier which, when deposited forms the valley floor

32
Q

What is terminal moraine ?

A

Terminal moraine marks the maximum advance of a glacier. It is the material deposited at the end of a glacier

33
Q

What is recessional moraine ?

A

Recessional moraine forms behind and parallel to the terminal moraine. They mark the retreat in the glacier when it’s stationary for long periods of time

34
Q

Major landforms in the Lake District

A

• Corrie lake called red tarn
• arête called striding edge
- they are located just east of lake thirlmere
• hanging valley at grisedale
• ribbon lakes
• Keswick is situated on the floor of a U-shaped valley

35
Q

Why are farming and forestry important land uses in glaciated Upland areas ?

A
  • extensive agriculture such as animal grazing is well suited to glaciated Upland areas
  • sheep were introduced too many upland Estates during the 1800s
  • some land owners have introduced dear for venison meat and highland cattle
  • coniferous woodland occupies 2 million hectors of land in the UK, much of it is in upland areas
  • Wood is used as timber for furniture and building constructions
36
Q

How important is tourism for glaciated upland areas ?

A
  • it is the most important source of uplands areas income
  • it’s employs more people than any other industry in these places
  • glaciated areas attract walkers and mountain climbers
  • The Lake District is highly accessible and has a mild climate
37
Q

Why does quarrying take place in some glaciated upland areas ?

A
  • there is tough resistant rock that is not found in lowland areas
  • A lack of population means that there are fewer dangers when explosives are used to shatter rock into blocks
  • the Rock types have a high economic value
  • in the Lake District it is slate - which is used as roofing and decorative materials
  • Lake District has 13 active quarries
38
Q

What are the conflict between different land uses ?

A
  • military training
  • reservoirs
  • wind turbines
  • Hunting
  • forestry
39
Q

How can conflicts between development and conservation be balanced ?

A
  • have a maximum visited numbers
  • signing to show permanently out of bounds areas
  • seasonal closure to give the site a chance to recover
  • restricted activities such as camping is restricted to designated campsites
40
Q

What are the social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism in the Lake District ?

A
  • footpath erosion - 15.8 million people visit the Lake District Every year
  • businesses thrive from tourism
  • visitors let dogs off the lead which can worry lambs and sheep
  • visitors can climb over old walls knocking them down
  • visitors by the houses so none are available for local people and later on pushing up the prices of the houses beyond levels of affordability
  • visitors can litter
  • Jobs are created such as watersport instructors, however wages can be seasonal and therefore low in the winter
  • traffic causes pollution
41
Q

What are the strategies used to manage the impact of tourism in the Lake District ?

A
  • diverting the course of paths and fencing off the old footpath to allow time for the vegetation to recover from footpath erosion
  • making signs
  • educating people about the country code
  • sign saying take your litter home
42
Q

What is the attraction for tourists to come to the Lake District ?

A
  • beautiful views of lakes and mountains

* visit highlands for activities like water sports, rock climbing, hiking and mountain climbing

GCSE Geography *** (10 decks)

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