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LOIRE Flashcards

1
Q

4 MUSCADET APPELLATIONS

A

Muscadet AOP - rarely used

subs:

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP - northern/high acid

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP - struggles in quality

Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP - 23 communes, 83% of muscadet production, 1/2 is ‘sur lie’

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2
Q

‘SUR LIE’ rquirements

A
  • must be from 3 subs (coteaux de la loire, cotes de grandlieu, and sevre-et-maine)
  • kept on its lees (in either tank or barrel) after fermentation until at least March 1 of the year following the harvest
  • bottled directly off lees, no filtering between March 1 and Nov. 30 of year following harvest
  • not released until March 8 following harvest
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3
Q

HERMINE d’OR

A
  • unofficial terms promoting terroir and ageability
  • only Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine
  • Guy Bossard and others
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4
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine subs

A
  • Cru Commineaux proposed in ‘01, became reality in ‘11 with 3 subs:
  • Le Pallet (lees til April 2 two years after harvest), Gorges & Clisson (til Nov 1 two years after harvest)
  • select schist soils
  • 18 mos. on lees
  • precludes ‘Sur Lie’ since exceeds those requirements
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5
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine sub soils

A

Clisson: Granite
Gorges: Clay and gabbro (igneous rock)
Le Pallet: Gneiss, quartz, and gabbro

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6
Q

Gros Plant de Pays Nantais AOP

A
  • whites only
  • may be sur lie
  • min. 70% Gros Plant (Folle Blanche), plus Montils and max 10% Colombard
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7
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis

A
  • very eastern edge of Pays Nantais, northern side of river, bordering Anjou
  • whites = Pinot Gris, as varietal-labeled ‘Malvoisie’ sometimes
  • red = Gamay
  • rosé = Gamay
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8
Q

Fiefs Vendéens

A
  • south of Muscadet in a few non-contiguous areas
  • west to east: Brem, Mareuil, Chantonay, Pissotte and Vix
  • whites= min. 60% CB + complimentary Chardonnay (Grolleau Gris allowed in Brem, SB in Vix)
  • red = CF, Négrette, PN + accessory CS, Gamay
  • rosé = min. 80% PN + Gamay, accessories CF, CS, Négrette, Grolleau Gris
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9
Q

Savennieres soils and two subs

A
  • blue schist and volcanic debris
  • Roche aux Moins
  • Coulée de Serrant (monopole of Joly)
  • subs stricter on min abv, yield, must wt, and no chaptalization
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10
Q

Coulée de Serrant

A

3 distinct sections:

Les Plantes, Clos du Chateau, Grand Clos de la Coulée

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11
Q

Coteaux du Layon &

Coteaux de l’Aubance

A
  • both Chenin Blanc, late harvest or SGN, minimum RS of 34
  • 7 villages can append to Coteaux du Layon

-

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12
Q

Coteaux du Layon Villages (which can append name)

A

Faye

Rochefort

Rablay

Beaulieu

St. Aubin

St. Lambert

all the above: 15% min potential alc, 238 min must wt., 34 g RS, 30 hl/ha yield

Chaume (‘Premier Cru’) :

16.5% min pot. alc, 272 min must wt., 80 g/L RS, 25 hl/ha, no chaptal., manual harvesting in successive tries

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13
Q

Coteaux de Layon 2 subs

A

both south-facing

Quarts de Chaume (in Rochefort-sur-Loire)

  • Grand Cru 2010 harvest forward
  • 54 ha (just larger than Clos de Vougeot)
  • Total production under 10k cases
  • top producers= Dom. des Baumard & Chat. Pierre-Bise

Bonnezeaux (in Thouarcé)

  • larger than Quarts de Chaume
  • producers = Chat. des Fesles
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14
Q

Anjou-Villages

A
  • red wine only
  • CF w/ proportion of CS
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15
Q

Anjou-Villages Brissac

A
  • red only
  • CF w/ CS
  • covers same 10 communes authorized as Coteaux de l’Aubance
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16
Q

Saumur

A
  • can be labeled as Anjou, but not vice versa
  • red, dry white, sparkling white/rosé (no still rosé)
  • Rouge ‘Puy Notre Dame’ stricter regs
  • over half of grapes are destined for Saumur sparkling AOP and Cremant de Loire
  • white = CB 100%
  • red = CF plus max 30% combined CS & PD (Puy Notre Dame = CF plus 15% CS)
  • sparklings = min 60% CF max 10% SB
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17
Q

Cabernet de Saumur AOP

A
  • the rosés of Saumur
  • CF and CS
  • primeur / nouveau
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18
Q

Saumur Champigny

A
  • harder, iron-rich, shale infected limestone
  • ‘field of fire’
  • red only = CF plus max 15% combined CS, PD
  • 8 villages can produce
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19
Q

Saumur-Champigny Villages

A

Chacé

Montsoreau

Parnay

Saint-Cyr-en-Bourg

Varrains

Saumur

Souzay-Champigny

Turquant

20
Q

Haut-Poitou

A
  • way south (50 miles south of Chinon), eastern edge of Saumur
  • upgraded in ‘11 w/ dissolution of VDQS
  • whites = SB + SG
  • red = CF (plus Gamay, Mer, PN)
  • rosé = min 40% CF, min 20% PN, min 20% Gamay
21
Q

Touraine’s (and Loire’s) best reds w/ soils

A

Chinon (and also white from CB) - tuffeau, clay, varennes (sandy alluvial)

Bourgueil (sand and limestone)

St. Nicolas de Bourgueil (alluvial = lighter style of wine)

  • CF w/ up to 10% CS
22
Q

Vouvray

A
  • Touraine’s largest and most important white appellation
  • range of sweetness
  • CB and Orbois (Menu Pineau), CB must be majority of blend
23
Q

Vouvray sweetness levels

A

sec < 4 g

sec-sec (bone dry) to sec-tendre (gently dry)

demi-sec 4-12 g

moelleux 12-45 g

doux / liquereux (meaning liquor-like, referring to syrupy sweet nature) +45 g

24
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire

A
  • just south of Loire River across from Vouvray
  • no Orbois permitted
  • used to be part of Vouvray, very similar in style
25
Q

Touraine AOP

A

Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc composes the majority of the blend.
Rosé: Min. 2 varieties present, and no variety may exceed 70% of the vineyard. Cabernet Franc, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Sauvignon, Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d’Aunis

Rouge and Varietal-Labeled Gamay:

Principal Varieties: Min. 80% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot (min. 50%). Vineyards west of Tours have a min. 80% Cabernet Franc.
Accessory Varieties: Gamay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir

Vin Mousseux Blanc : Min. 60% Chenin Blanc OR Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Chardonnay, Pineau d’Aunis, Pinot Noir

Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d’Aunis

“Mesland”: For blanc and rosé wines, Chenin Blanc and Gamay must account for the majority of the blend (respectively). For rouge wines, at least 3 varieties must be present in the blend.
“Azay-le-Rideau” Rosé: Grolleau must account for the majority of the blend.
“Chenonceaux” Rouge: Cot and Cabernet Franc must account for the majority of the blend. No single grape may exceed 70%.

rosés can be ‘primeur’, like nouveau in Beauj.

26
Q

Touraine 5 villages that can append name

A

Amboise

Mesland

Azay-le-Rideau

Oisly

Chenonceaux

27
Q

Touraine Noble-Joué AOP

A
  • historical rosé/vin gris of Gris Meunier (PM), PN and Malvoisie (PG)
28
Q

Coteaux du Loir

A
  • reds/rosé based on Pineau d’Aunis
  • whites are only Chenin
  • has sub appell. of Jasnieres
29
Q

Jasnieres

A
  • sub of coteaux de loir aop
  • best CB of Coteaux de Loir
  • similar to Vouvray but green and herbacious in character
30
Q

Coteaux du Vendômois

A
  • northeast to Coteaux du Loir
  • specializes in dry rosé of Pineau d’Aunis
  • also whites and reds allowed (CB and PD dominant)
31
Q

Valencay

A
  • way south, close to Quincy and Reuilly
  • AOP for wine and goat cheese
  • SB dominant whites
  • PN/Gamay/Cot reds and rosés (all 3 must be present)
32
Q

Cheverny and Cour Cheverny

A
  • eastern edge of Touraine

Cheverny - reds and whites

whites = SB dominant (60-84% combined w/ SG), plus 16-40% Chard, CB, Orbois)

reds = PN 60-84%, Gam. 16-40%, max 25% CF/Cot

Cour Chev. = within Chev., 100% Romarantin

33
Q

Sancerre soils

A

Silex = flint, extends to Pouilly-Fumé

Caillottes = stony w/ fossils

Terres Blanches = same Kimmeridgian clay of Chablis

34
Q

Sancerre & Pouilly Fume (and Pouilly sur Loire)

A

Sancerre allows reds and rosés (of PN)

Pouilly Fume is white only (SB)

Pouilly sur Loire is same as Pouilly Fume but only for Chasselas

35
Q

Menetou Salon

A

touches Sancerre (west of Sancerre)

similar style to Sancerre

PN and SB (w, r, rose)

SG permitted, but may not be replanted

36
Q

Quincy

A
  • whites only (SB)
  • second demarcated AOP in France, after CdP
  • allows max 10% SG
37
Q

Orleans

A
  • top part of Central Vineyards
  • promoted from VDQS in ‘06
  • large proportion of Chard. whites (plus PG) and PM reds (plus PN (and PG for rosé))
  • sub / sister appell. Orleans-Clery
38
Q

Orléans-Cléry

A
  • sub of Orleans
  • but south of river
  • only CF (100%) reds
39
Q

Reuilly

A
  • near Quincy
  • whites = SB
  • reds = PN
  • rosé = PN + PG
40
Q

Coteaux du Giennois

A
  • largest appellation in Central Vineyards
  • whites = 100% SB
  • reds and rosé = PN and Gamay (neither > 80%)
41
Q

Cotes du Forez & Cote Roannaise

A
  • reds and rosés of Gamay
  • closer to Lyon and Beauj. than to Central Vineyards
42
Q

Chateaumeillant AOP

A
  • SW corner of Cher département
  • red = 60% Gamay plus PN
  • Vin Gris rosé = %60 Gamay plus PN and max 15% PG
43
Q

Cotes d’Auvergne

A
  • southernmost / most remote Loire region
  • white = 100% Chard.
  • red and rosé = min. 50% Gamay plus PN
44
Q

St. Pourcain

A
  • just north of Cotes d’Auvergne
  • white = 50-80% Chardonnay, 20-40% Sacy (Tressalier), max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc

red = 40-75% Gamay, 25-60% PN

rosé = 100% Gamay

45
Q

QUARTS DE CHAUME liuex dix

A

LES QUARTS

LE VEAU

LES ROUERES

ADVANCED (18 decks)

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