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LOIRE Flashcards

1
Q

4 MUSCADET APPELLATIONS

A

Muscadet AOP - rarely used

subs:

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP - northern/high acid

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP - struggles in quality

Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP - 23 communes, 83% of muscadet production, 1/2 is ‘sur lie’

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2
Q

‘SUR LIE’ rquirements

A
  • must be from 3 subs (coteaux de la loire, cotes de grandlieu, and sevre-et-maine)
  • kept on its lees (in either tank or barrel) after fermentation until at least March 1 of the year following the harvest
  • bottled directly off lees, no filtering between March 1 and Nov. 30 of year following harvest
  • not released until March 8 following harvest
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3
Q

HERMINE d’OR

A
  • unofficial terms promoting terroir and ageability
  • only Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine
  • Guy Bossard and others
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4
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine subs

A
  • Cru Commineaux proposed in ‘01, became reality in ‘11 with 3 subs:
  • Le Pallet (lees til April 2 two years after harvest), Gorges & Clisson (til Nov 1 two years after harvest)
  • select schist soils
  • 18 mos. on lees
  • precludes ‘Sur Lie’ since exceeds those requirements
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5
Q

Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine sub soils

A

Clisson: Granite
Gorges: Clay and gabbro (igneous rock)
Le Pallet: Gneiss, quartz, and gabbro

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6
Q

Gros Plant de Pays Nantais AOP

A
  • whites only
  • may be sur lie
  • min. 70% Gros Plant (Folle Blanche), plus Montils and max 10% Colombard
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7
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis

A
  • very eastern edge of Pays Nantais, northern side of river, bordering Anjou
  • whites = Pinot Gris, as varietal-labeled ‘Malvoisie’ sometimes
  • red = Gamay
  • rosé = Gamay
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8
Q

Fiefs Vendéens

A
  • south of Muscadet in a few non-contiguous areas
  • west to east: Brem, Mareuil, Chantonay, Pissotte and Vix
  • whites= min. 60% CB + complimentary Chardonnay (Grolleau Gris allowed in Brem, SB in Vix)
  • red = CF, Négrette, PN + accessory CS, Gamay
  • rosé = min. 80% PN + Gamay, accessories CF, CS, Négrette, Grolleau Gris
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9
Q

Savennieres soils and two subs

A
  • blue schist and volcanic debris
  • Roche aux Moins
  • Coulée de Serrant (monopole of Joly)
  • subs stricter on min abv, yield, must wt, and no chaptalization
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10
Q

Coulée de Serrant

A

3 distinct sections:

Les Plantes, Clos du Chateau, Grand Clos de la Coulée

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11
Q

Coteaux du Layon &

Coteaux de l’Aubance

A
  • both Chenin Blanc, late harvest or SGN, minimum RS of 34
  • 7 villages can append to Coteaux du Layon

-

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12
Q

Coteaux du Layon Villages (which can append name)

A

Faye

Rochefort

Rablay

Beaulieu

St. Aubin

St. Lambert

all the above: 15% min potential alc, 238 min must wt., 34 g RS, 30 hl/ha yield

Chaume (‘Premier Cru’) :

16.5% min pot. alc, 272 min must wt., 80 g/L RS, 25 hl/ha, no chaptal., manual harvesting in successive tries

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13
Q

Coteaux de Layon 2 subs

A

both south-facing

Quarts de Chaume (in Rochefort-sur-Loire)

  • Grand Cru 2010 harvest forward
  • 54 ha (just larger than Clos de Vougeot)
  • Total production under 10k cases
  • top producers= Dom. des Baumard & Chat. Pierre-Bise

Bonnezeaux (in Thouarcé)

  • larger than Quarts de Chaume
  • producers = Chat. des Fesles
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14
Q

Anjou-Villages

A
  • red wine only
  • CF w/ proportion of CS
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15
Q

Anjou-Villages Brissac

A
  • red only
  • CF w/ CS
  • covers same 10 communes authorized as Coteaux de l’Aubance
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16
Q

Saumur

A
  • can be labeled as Anjou, but not vice versa
  • red, dry white, sparkling white/rosé (no still rosé)
  • Rouge ‘Puy Notre Dame’ stricter regs
  • over half of grapes are destined for Saumur sparkling AOP and Cremant de Loire
  • white = CB 100%
  • red = CF plus max 30% combined CS & PD (Puy Notre Dame = CF plus 15% CS)
  • sparklings = min 60% CF max 10% SB
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17
Q

Cabernet de Saumur AOP

A
  • the rosés of Saumur
  • CF and CS
  • primeur / nouveau
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18
Q

Saumur Champigny

A
  • harder, iron-rich, shale infected limestone
  • ‘field of fire’
  • red only = CF plus max 15% combined CS, PD
  • 8 villages can produce
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19
Q

Saumur-Champigny Villages

A

Chacé

Montsoreau

Parnay

Saint-Cyr-en-Bourg

Varrains

Saumur

Souzay-Champigny

Turquant

20
Q

Haut-Poitou

A
  • way south (50 miles south of Chinon), eastern edge of Saumur
  • upgraded in ‘11 w/ dissolution of VDQS
  • whites = SB + SG
  • red = CF (plus Gamay, Mer, PN)
  • rosé = min 40% CF, min 20% PN, min 20% Gamay
21
Q

Touraine’s (and Loire’s) best reds w/ soils

A

Chinon (and also white from CB) - tuffeau, clay, varennes (sandy alluvial)

Bourgueil (sand and limestone)

St. Nicolas de Bourgueil (alluvial = lighter style of wine)

  • CF w/ up to 10% CS
22
Q

Vouvray

A
  • Touraine’s largest and most important white appellation
  • range of sweetness
  • CB and Orbois (Menu Pineau), CB must be majority of blend
23
Q

Vouvray sweetness levels

A

sec < 4 g

sec-sec (bone dry) to sec-tendre (gently dry)

demi-sec 4-12 g

moelleux 12-45 g

doux / liquereux (meaning liquor-like, referring to syrupy sweet nature) +45 g

24
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire

A
  • just south of Loire River across from Vouvray
  • no Orbois permitted
  • used to be part of Vouvray, very similar in style
25
Touraine AOP
Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc composes the majority of the blend. Rosé: Min. 2 varieties present, and no variety may exceed 70% of the vineyard. Cabernet Franc, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Sauvignon, Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d'Aunis Rouge and Varietal-Labeled Gamay: Principal Varieties: Min. 80% combined Cabernet Franc and Cot (min. 50%). Vineyards west of Tours have a min. 80% Cabernet Franc. Accessory Varieties: Gamay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir Vin Mousseux Blanc : Min. 60% Chenin Blanc OR Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Chardonnay, Pineau d'Aunis, Pinot Noir Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d'Aunis "Mesland": For blanc and rosé wines, Chenin Blanc and Gamay must account for the majority of the blend (respectively). For rouge wines, at least 3 varieties must be present in the blend. "Azay-le-Rideau" Rosé: Grolleau must account for the majority of the blend. "Chenonceaux" Rouge: Cot and Cabernet Franc must account for the majority of the blend. No single grape may exceed 70%. rosés can be 'primeur', like nouveau in Beauj.
26
Touraine 5 villages that can append name
Amboise Mesland Azay-le-Rideau Oisly Chenonceaux
27
Touraine Noble-Joué AOP
- historical rosé/vin gris of Gris Meunier (PM), PN and Malvoisie (PG)
28
Coteaux du Loir
- reds/rosé based on Pineau d'Aunis - whites are only Chenin - has sub appell. of Jasnieres
29
Jasnieres
- sub of coteaux de loir aop - best CB of Coteaux de Loir - similar to Vouvray but green and herbacious in character
30
Coteaux du Vendômois
- northeast to Coteaux du Loir - specializes in dry rosé of Pineau d'Aunis - also whites and reds allowed (CB and PD dominant)
31
Valencay
- way south, close to Quincy and Reuilly - AOP for wine and goat cheese - SB dominant whites - PN/Gamay/Cot reds and rosés (all 3 must be present)
32
Cheverny and Cour Cheverny
- eastern edge of Touraine Cheverny - reds and whites whites = SB dominant (60-84% combined w/ SG), plus 16-40% Chard, CB, Orbois) reds = PN 60-84%, Gam. 16-40%, max 25% CF/Cot Cour Chev. = within Chev., 100% Romarantin
33
Sancerre soils
Silex = flint, extends to Pouilly-Fumé Caillottes = stony w/ fossils Terres Blanches = same Kimmeridgian clay of Chablis
34
Sancerre & Pouilly Fume (and Pouilly sur Loire)
Sancerre allows reds and rosés (of PN) Pouilly Fume is white only (SB) Pouilly sur Loire is same as Pouilly Fume but only for Chasselas
35
Menetou Salon
touches Sancerre (west of Sancerre) similar style to Sancerre PN and SB (w, r, rose) SG permitted, but may not be replanted
36
Quincy
- whites only (SB) - second demarcated AOP in France, after CdP - allows max 10% SG
37
Orleans
- top part of Central Vineyards - promoted from VDQS in '06 - large proportion of Chard. whites (plus PG) and PM reds (plus PN (and PG for rosé)) - sub / sister appell. Orleans-Clery
38
Orléans-Cléry
- sub of Orleans - but south of river - only CF (100%) reds
39
Reuilly
- near Quincy - whites = SB - reds = PN - rosé = PN + PG
40
Coteaux du Giennois
- largest appellation in Central Vineyards - whites = 100% SB - reds and rosé = PN and Gamay (neither \> 80%)
41
Cotes du Forez & Cote Roannaise
- reds and rosés of Gamay - closer to Lyon and Beauj. than to Central Vineyards
42
Chateaumeillant AOP
- SW corner of Cher département - red = 60% Gamay plus PN - Vin Gris rosé = %60 Gamay plus PN and max 15% PG
43
Cotes d'Auvergne
- southernmost / most remote Loire region - white = 100% Chard. - red and rosé = min. 50% Gamay plus PN
44
St. Pourcain
- just north of Cotes d'Auvergne - white = 50-80% Chardonnay, 20-40% Sacy (Tressalier), max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc red = 40-75% Gamay, 25-60% PN rosé = 100% Gamay
45
QUARTS DE CHAUME liuex dix
LES QUARTS LE VEAU LES ROUERES

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