Locomotion Flashcards
Define Locomotion
“the process of moving from one place to another”
What are the 3 essential elements of locomotion?
Progression
Stability
Adaptation
Name some of the forms of locomotion
Rolling: moving from prove to supine and vice versa (involves axial rotation, body follows head)
Crawling
Skipping
Walking
what’s the difference between Creeping and Crawling?
Crawling: belly REMAINS on the floor, arms and legs move in reciprocal pattern in prone
Creeping: belly lifts off the floor, arms and legs move the same way
describe the characteristics of infantile/toddler gait
Wide base of support arms held at high guard short swing phase lack of heel-strike and toe-off forward leaning trunk
How does infantile gait change as we age?
Children: Center of Gravity moves forward, mature gait pattern reached between 3-4 years old
Adults: Center of Gravity found near the sacrum, able to change pace, start/stop, and change direction with ease
Older Adults: lots of variation/deviation
What are the 5 requirements for Successful Walking?
1) Lower Extremities able to support body weight
2) Ability to produce locomotor rhythm
3) Dynamic postural control (ability to maintain posture during movement)
4) Intended, rhythmic propulsion of the body through space
5) Ability to adapt to changing environmental tasks/demands during locomotion
According the recent research, which interventions should we use?
Task specific strengthening exercises
Task-oriented circuit training
TM training
TM and Body weight support system
What factors may contribute to variations in treatment?
Patient Health Diagnosis Prognosis Patient Goals Weight-bearing status
Once the pt has the appropriate assistive device and gait pattern, what tools/tasks can be used to work on Locomotion Training Overground Indoors?
forward, backward, sidestepping, turns cross-stepping, braiding obstacle course crossing thresholds, changing surfaces changing speed, looking side-side or up/down stairs transitioning from the floor to standing running
Name some tools/tasks for Locomotion Training in the Community
curbs, ramps, uneven stairs, slopes uneven terrain, timing requirements (crossing the street) increased distances walking + cognitive tasks escalators/ elevators running
What are some strategies we can use to vary locomotor demands in the clinic?
Body Weight Support systems & assistive devices
Foot placement: heel-toe, modified Base of Support, even/uneven steps, toe/heel walking, manual resistance at pelvis w/ T-band, pool walking, exaggerated arm swings, reciprocal arm swing w/rods
Strengthening
Standing balance/coordination
What makes running different from walking? What is required for the transition between the two?
running includes a period without any support, aka “flight phase”
to transition, body needs to produce enough force to propel itself into the air
Describe the differences between Galloping, Hopping, and Skipping
Galloping: “walk on leading leg followed by running step on rear leg” –can be observes as early as 20 mos, proficient by 6.5 yrs
Hopping: asymmetrical pattern –seen in 33% of 4 yr olds, proficient by 6.5 yrs
Skipping: step-hop on one leg followed by step-hop on the other
how does the musculoskeletal system affect the locomotor abilities of infants and older adults?
Infants: not strong enough to support the body against gravity, not enough range of motion to fully extend the hips into standing
Older Adults: loss of muscle can lead to functional decline
