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2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER > Loco dermatology > Flashcards

Loco dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Keratin filament type

A

Intermediate

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2
Q

Soft vs hard keratin

A 
Soft = alpha helices 
Hard = beta sheets
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3
Q

What links keratinocytes?

A

Desmosomes

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4
Q

What joints basal keratinocytes to the BM?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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5
Q

Cells in basal epidermis

A

Compact cells with dark nuclei

Stem cells that proliferative and migrate upwards

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6
Q

Cells in spinous layer

A

3-4 cells thick

Spiny cells as many desmosomes

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7
Q

Cells in granular layer

A

Dark purple cells

Stained due to keratohyaline granules that form substances that form protective barrier of the skin

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8
Q

Cells in cornified layer

A

Flat cells with no nuclei or organelles

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9
Q

Main cell type of the dermis

A

Fibroblast

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10
Q

3 layers of dermis

A 
Papillary = below BM with disorganised arrangement of collagen fibres 
Reticular = thick layer where collagen is more organised 
Adipose = made of adipose tissue = hypodermis
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11
Q

Parts of the hair follicle

A

Dermal papilla = fibroblasts controlling hair growth
Bulb = matrix keratinocytes make cells to make hair
Outer root sheath = basal cell layer around the edge
Bulge region = hair follicle stem cells that migrate downwards

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12
Q

Stages of the hair cycle

A 
Anagen = active = hair growing in length 
Catagen = regressive = hair follicle retracts
Telogen = resting = end of cycle
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13
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A

Regular sweat glands

Important for thermoregulation

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14
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

Specialised sweat gland found in axilla and pubic regions

Odourless sweat produced that then is digested by bacteria to make it smell

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15
Q

Melanocytes

A

Dendritic cells of the epidermis

Project to keratinocytes and inject melanin to give pigment

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16
Q

Langerhans cells

A

APCs of the skin

Mainly in basal and spinous layers of epidermis

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17
Q

Merkel cell

A

Found in basal layer

Sense fine tough

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18
Q

Mast cell

A

Found in dermis
Important for allergic responses
Secrete histamine

19
Q

Phases of wound healing

A 
Inflammation = blood clot and recruitment of immune cells
Proliferation = keratinocytes and fibroblasts proliferate to form new skin 
Maturation = remodelling of skin to improve structure
20
Q

Risk factors for chronic wounds

A

Diabetes
Venous disease
Bedridden

21
Q

Th1 response

A

Intracellular bacteria or viruses

22
Q

Th2 response

A

Allergens, parasites

23
Q

Th17 response

A

Extracellular bacteria and fungi

24
Q

Dust mite allergy

A

Allergy to Der P1 wound in faecal pellets of dust mites

25
Q

Hives vs acute angioedema

A 
Hives = epidermis only 
Angioedema = also dermis and subcutaneous tissues
26
Q

Where does angioedema occur?

A

Lower lips
Eyes
Pharyngeal mucosa

27
Q

Mechanisms of cell death in type 2 hypersensitivities

A

Complement dependent cytotoxicity
Anti-body dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
Phagocytosis by macrophage
Receptor blockade

28
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Development of IgG antibodies against desmoglein in desmosomes
Leads to skin blistering = acantholysis
Diagnosis = incubation –> chicken wire appearance
Treatment = steroids, rituximab

29
Q

Cascade of contact allergic dermatitis

A

Skin exposed to allergen
Langerhans cells take antigen to lymph node
Activation fo T cells and memory formed
Upon challenge –> activation and immune response

30
Q

Types of giant cells

A

Langham’s = peripheral nuclei

Foreign body = random nuclei

31
Q

Alopecia areata

A

Antibodies against follicle
Exclamation mark hairs
Hair regrowth is white

32
Q

Viteligo

A

Antibodies against melanocytes

Skin loses pigmentation

33
Q

Staphylococcus vs streptococcal skin infections

A

Staphylococcal found on 20% of people
Streptococcal rarely found on skin
Staph infections more common
Strep infections more severe

34
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infection of hair follicle

35
Q

Impetigo

A

Infection of epidermis
By strep or staph
Tx = topical ABx

36
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of dermis and subcutaneous fat
More commonly due to streptococcus but also due to staphylococcus
Oral ABx required

37
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Toxins from bacteria lead to desquamation of the skin

38
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

Staphylococcal toxins cause severe systemic illness

From keeping tampons in too long

39
Q

Nectrotising fasciitis

A

Infection that leads to soft tissue death
Most common cause = MRSA
Treatment = debridement and BSABx

40
Q

Reasons for deterioration in eczema patients

A

Herpes simplex

Staphylococcus

41
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Viral infection

Leads to small umbilicated lesions

42
Q

Tinea vesicolour

A

Pityriasis vesicolour
Yeast overgrowth leads to hypo/hyperpigmentation
Pathogen = Malassezia furfur

43
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Fungal infection

Ring shape structures

44
Q

Scabies

A

Severe itchy skin
No history of eczema
Skin-skin contact
Pimple like rash

2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER (9 decks)

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