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2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER > HSPH professional > Flashcards

HSPH professional Flashcards

1
Q

Define culture

A

All in society that is biologically transmitted

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2
Q

3 cases where placebo trials can be used

A

No current treatment
Risk not too high
Test against placebo needed for licensing

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3
Q

Define transgender

A

Gender identity does not match assigned birth sex

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4
Q

Define gender fluidity

A

More flexible range of gender expressions where people do not feel confused by restrictive boundaries of stereotypical representations of each gender

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5
Q

Define gender queer

A

Blurring of lines between gender and sexual orientation where these distinctions are no longer so definite

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6
Q

Describe queer theory

A

Aims to deconstruct all binaries in the field of sex, gender and sexuality
Describes how people cannot be labelled collectively as so many other factors are involved to make up someone’s identity

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7
Q

Define health literacy

A

The social and cognitive skills that enable someone to access, understand and use health information in order to promote health

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8
Q

Fog index

A

Gives difficulty of text

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9
Q

48% of chronic conditions are…

A

Cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

21% of chronic conditions are…

A

Cancer

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11
Q

Social risk factors for diabetes

A

Social class
Age
Area of residence
Ethnicity

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12
Q

Black people are more at risk of…

A 
Stroke 
Diabetes 
Hypertension 
Renal failure 
Less CHD
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13
Q

Number of people with asthma

A

5.4 million

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14
Q

Number of people with arthritis

A

10 million

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15
Q

Percent of people with diabetes

A

6.2%

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16
Q

Largest cause of kidney failure

A

Diabetes

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17
Q

Biggest cause of severe disability

A

Stroke

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18
Q

Depression prevalence

A

2.6%

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19
Q

Define impairment

A

Illness, injury or condition that causes a loss of physiological or psychological function

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20
Q

Define disability

A

Disadvantages imposed by society on people with impairments that leads to limitations in opportunities to take part of society on an equal level to others

21
Q

Social model of disability

A

States that disability is caused by the way society is organised rather than the person’s impairment

22
Q

International classification of functioning, disability and health

A 
Integrates the medical and social models to recognise the significance of environment 
Key components 
- body structure and functions
- activities and limitations 
- participation and restriction
23
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Collect data
Algorithms
Diagnosis

24
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Collect information
Generate hypotheses
Test them
Diagnosis

25
Q

Heuristic: availability

A

Things more likely if they come to mind more readily

26
Q

Heuristic: representativeness

A

Diagnosis more likely if case very similar to typical case

27
Q

Heuristic: anchoring

A

Basing diagnosis on first piece of information

28
Q

Heuristic: diagnosis momentum

A

Tendency to stick to labels that have already been applied to patient

29
Q

Heuristic: fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to blame patient for condition

30
Q

Heuristic: commissioning bias

A

Tendency to action rather than inaction

31
Q

Number of old people in 2012

A

12 million

32
Q

Number of old people in 2037

A

16 million

33
Q

Define refugee

A

Someone whose asylum application has been approved

34
Q

NHS tariff for migrants

A

150%

35
Q

Secondary care that is except from charges

A

A&E
Treatment for communicable diseases
Family planning

36
Q

Secondary care that does not have to be charged for upfront

A

Immediately necessary = life-saving
-maternity

Urgent = can’t wait until they return to country

37
Q

Types of trafficking

A

Sexual exploitation
Forced labour
Criminal activity
Domestic servitude

38
Q

Stress as a stimulus

A

Stress is a demand placed on a person by external stimuli

39
Q

Taxonomy of stressors

A

Cataclysmic events
Major life events
Minor events

40
Q

Stress as a response

A

Stress is a physiological response that occurs in response to perceived threats

41
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome

A

Stage 1 = alarm
Stage 2 = resistance/adaptation
Stage 3 = exhaustion

42
Q

Stress as a transaction

A

Stress is a relationship between a person and the stressor

43
Q

Cognitive-transaction view of stress

A

Event occurs
Primary appraisal = external evaluation is this harmful?
Secondary appraisal = internal evaluation can I cope with this stressor?
Reappraisal = continuous re-evaluation when event or self changes

44
Q

What theory is CBT based on?

A

Learning theory by Bandura

45
Q

Triad of CBT targets

A

Thoughts
Behaviours
Feelings

46
Q

Fundamental thinking errors

A

Overgeneralisation = everything, always, never
Catastrophising = maximum and minimum
Jumping to conclusions

47
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Based on Freud’s theory that childhood impacts on interpersonal relationships

48
Q

What is dialectal behavioural therapy used to treat?

A

Borderline personality disorder

49
Q

What is mindfulness?

A

Non-judgemental awareness of the current moment

Reduces stress by reducing rumination

2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER (9 decks)

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