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2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER > Loco anatomy > Flashcards

Loco anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Shenton’s line

A

Inferior border of superior pubic radius and inferomedial border of femoral neck

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2
Q

ACL

A

Stabilises in extension

Prevents internal rotation

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3
Q

PCL

A

Stabilises in flexion

Prevents external rotation

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4
Q

Lateral ankle ligaments

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

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5
Q

Which ankle ligament is most commonly damaged?

A

Anterior talofibular

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6
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

A

L5-S2

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7
Q

Superior gluteal nerve roots

A

L4-S1

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8
Q

Gluteus maximus origin and insertion

A

Posterior ilium and sacrum

–> ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur

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9
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion

A

Posterolateral ilium

–> greater trochanter

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10
Q

What attaches to the pes anserinus?

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

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11
Q

Function of popliteus

A

Lateral rotation tibia to unlock the knee from extended position

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12
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

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13
Q

Contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial

A

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lymphatics

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14
Q

Popliteal fossa borders

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Two heads of gastrocnemius

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15
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa from medial to lateral

A 
Semimembranosus 
Artery 
Vein 
Nerve
Biceps femoris
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16
Q

What artery forms the dorsalis pedis?

A

Anterior tibial

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17
Q

What artery forms the plantar arteries

A

Posterior tibial

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18
Q

3 articulations at the elbow

A

Trochlear notch and ulna with trochlea of humerus
Head of the radius with the capitulum of humerus
Head of radius with radial notch of ulna

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19
Q

Which rotator cuff attaches to lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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20
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

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21
Q

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

A

SCM

Trapezius

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22
Q

Which muscles move the IP joints?

A 
FDP = MCP and DIP 
FDS = MCP and PIP
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23
Q

Which muscle acting on the thumb is not innervated by the median nerve and is not classed as a thenar muscle?

A

Adductor pollicis

24
Q

Origin and insertion of pronator teres

A

Medial epicondyle –> mid-shaft of radius

25
Q

Action of brachioradialis

A

Elbow flexion

26
Q

Origin and insertion of supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle –> radius

27
Q

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

28
Q

Action of lumbricals

A

Extension of IP joints

Flexion of MCP joints

29
Q

Dorsal vs palmar interossei

A 
Dorsal = abduction 
Palmar = adduction
30
Q

Cubital fossa borders

A

Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Line between epicondyles

31
Q

Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to medial

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

32
Q

Contents of carpal tunnel

A

4 tendons of FDP
4 tendons of FDS
Tendon of FPL
Median nerve

33
Q

Neck of humerus fracture injury

A

Axillary nerve

34
Q

Midshaft of humerus fracture injury

A

Radial nerve

Profunda brachii

35
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus injury

A

Median nerve

Brachial artery

36
Q

Medial epicondyle fracture injury

A

Ulnar nerve

37
Q

Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

38
Q

Which artery forms the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

39
Q

Which nerve supples serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

40
Q

Primary curves

A

Thoracic and sacral kyphosis

41
Q

Secondary curves

A

Cervical and lumbar lordosis

42
Q

What is found at T7

A

Tip of xiphoid

Point of scapula

43
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

Burst fracture of C1

Due to impact on top of the head

44
Q

Hangman fracture

A

Traumatic spondylolithesis
Bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2
Leads to C2 vertebral body slipping forward in relation to C3

45
Q

Signs of vertebral osteoporosis

A 
Early = vertical striations 
Late = radiolucency of body with white border of cortical bone
46
Q

DISH

A

Ossification of ALL
No SIJ involvement
Left side less affected
Candle wax appearance on lateral films

47
Q

Where do fragments get pulled in clavicle fracture?

A

Medial pulled up by SCM

Lateral pulled inferiorly by the weight of the arm

48
Q

Which rotator cuff tendon is most commonly damaged?

A

Supraspinatus

As travels directly under acromion

49
Q

What causes supracondylar fracture?

A

Fall onto flexed elbow

50
Q

What causes median epicondyle fracture?

A

Avulsion from flexors
FOOSH with elbow in valgus
Fall onto point of olecranon

51
Q

Which direction does the elbow dislocate in

A

Posterior

52
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A

Radial head dislocation

53
Q

Which way does the hip dislocate?

A 
85% = posterior 
15% = anterior
54
Q

Knee dislocation direction

A

Anterior more common

Occur as a result of hyperextension

55
Q

Which malleolus is more commonly damaged?

A

Lateral

56
Q

Which ligaments are removed in knee replacement?

A

ACL and PCL

LCL and MCL remain intact

57
Q

Direction of scoliosis

A

Convex to the right

2 - LOCO/HSPH/CANCER (9 decks)

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