Loco anatomy Flashcards
Shenton’s line
Inferior border of superior pubic radius and inferomedial border of femoral neck
ACL
Stabilises in extension
Prevents internal rotation
PCL
Stabilises in flexion
Prevents external rotation
Lateral ankle ligaments
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Which ankle ligament is most commonly damaged?
Anterior talofibular
Inferior gluteal nerve roots
L5-S2
Superior gluteal nerve roots
L4-S1
Gluteus maximus origin and insertion
Posterior ilium and sacrum
–> ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion
Posterolateral ilium
–> greater trochanter
What attaches to the pes anserinus?
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Function of popliteus
Lateral rotation tibia to unlock the knee from extended position
Borders of femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus
Contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lymphatics
Popliteal fossa borders
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Two heads of gastrocnemius
Contents of popliteal fossa from medial to lateral
Semimembranosus Artery Vein Nerve Biceps femoris
What artery forms the dorsalis pedis?
Anterior tibial
What artery forms the plantar arteries
Posterior tibial
3 articulations at the elbow
Trochlear notch and ulna with trochlea of humerus
Head of the radius with the capitulum of humerus
Head of radius with radial notch of ulna
Which rotator cuff attaches to lesser tubercle of humerus?
Subscapularis
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoid
Teres minor
What does the accessory nerve innervate?
SCM
Trapezius
Which muscles move the IP joints?
FDP = MCP and DIP FDS = MCP and PIP
Which muscle acting on the thumb is not innervated by the median nerve and is not classed as a thenar muscle?
Adductor pollicis
Origin and insertion of pronator teres
Medial epicondyle –> mid-shaft of radius
Action of brachioradialis
Elbow flexion
Origin and insertion of supinator
Lateral epicondyle –> radius
What are the 3 thenar muscles?
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Action of lumbricals
Extension of IP joints
Flexion of MCP joints
Dorsal vs palmar interossei
Dorsal = abduction Palmar = adduction
Cubital fossa borders
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Line between epicondyles
Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to medial
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Contents of carpal tunnel
4 tendons of FDP
4 tendons of FDS
Tendon of FPL
Median nerve
Neck of humerus fracture injury
Axillary nerve
Midshaft of humerus fracture injury
Radial nerve
Profunda brachii
Supracondylar fracture of humerus injury
Median nerve
Brachial artery
Medial epicondyle fracture injury
Ulnar nerve
Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar artery
Which artery forms the deep palmar arch?
Radial artery
Which nerve supples serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
Primary curves
Thoracic and sacral kyphosis
Secondary curves
Cervical and lumbar lordosis
What is found at T7
Tip of xiphoid
Point of scapula
Jefferson fracture
Burst fracture of C1
Due to impact on top of the head
Hangman fracture
Traumatic spondylolithesis
Bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2
Leads to C2 vertebral body slipping forward in relation to C3
Signs of vertebral osteoporosis
Early = vertical striations Late = radiolucency of body with white border of cortical bone
DISH
Ossification of ALL
No SIJ involvement
Left side less affected
Candle wax appearance on lateral films
Where do fragments get pulled in clavicle fracture?
Medial pulled up by SCM
Lateral pulled inferiorly by the weight of the arm
Which rotator cuff tendon is most commonly damaged?
Supraspinatus
As travels directly under acromion
What causes supracondylar fracture?
Fall onto flexed elbow
What causes median epicondyle fracture?
Avulsion from flexors
FOOSH with elbow in valgus
Fall onto point of olecranon
Which direction does the elbow dislocate in
Posterior
Nursemaid’s elbow
Radial head dislocation
Which way does the hip dislocate?
85% = posterior 15% = anterior
Knee dislocation direction
Anterior more common
Occur as a result of hyperextension
Which malleolus is more commonly damaged?
Lateral
Which ligaments are removed in knee replacement?
ACL and PCL
LCL and MCL remain intact
Direction of scoliosis
Convex to the right
