Loco anatomy

Question 1

Shenton’s line

Answer 1

Inferior border of superior pubic radius and inferomedial border of femoral neck

Question 2

ACL

Answer 2

Stabilises in extension

Prevents internal rotation

Question 3

PCL

Answer 3

Stabilises in flexion

Prevents external rotation

Question 4

Lateral ankle ligaments

Answer 4

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

Question 5

Which ankle ligament is most commonly damaged?

Answer 5

Anterior talofibular

Question 6

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 6

L5-S2

Question 7

Superior gluteal nerve roots

Answer 7

L4-S1

Question 8

Gluteus maximus origin and insertion

Answer 8

Posterior ilium and sacrum

–> ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 9

Gluteus medius and minimus origin and insertion

Answer 9

Posterolateral ilium

–> greater trochanter

Question 10

What attaches to the pes anserinus?

Answer 10

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Question 11

Function of popliteus

Answer 11

Lateral rotation tibia to unlock the knee from extended position

Question 12

Borders of femoral triangle

Answer 12

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

Question 13

Contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial

Answer 13

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lymphatics

Question 14

Popliteal fossa borders

Answer 14

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Two heads of gastrocnemius

Question 15

Contents of popliteal fossa from medial to lateral

Answer 15

Semimembranosus 
Artery 
Vein 
Nerve
Biceps femoris

Question 16

What artery forms the dorsalis pedis?

Answer 16

Anterior tibial

Question 17

What artery forms the plantar arteries

Answer 17

Posterior tibial

Question 18

3 articulations at the elbow

Answer 18

Trochlear notch and ulna with trochlea of humerus
Head of the radius with the capitulum of humerus
Head of radius with radial notch of ulna

Question 19

Which rotator cuff attaches to lesser tubercle of humerus?

Answer 19

Subscapularis

Question 20

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 20

Deltoid

Teres minor

Question 21

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 21

SCM

Trapezius

Question 22

Which muscles move the IP joints?

Answer 22

FDP = MCP and DIP 
FDS = MCP and PIP

Question 23

Which muscle acting on the thumb is not innervated by the median nerve and is not classed as a thenar muscle?

Answer 23

Adductor pollicis

Question 24

Origin and insertion of pronator teres

Answer 24

Medial epicondyle –> mid-shaft of radius

Question 25

Action of brachioradialis

Answer 25

Elbow flexion

Question 26

Origin and insertion of supinator

Answer 26

Lateral epicondyle --> radius

Question 27

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

Answer 27

Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 28

Action of lumbricals

Answer 28

Extension of IP joints | Flexion of MCP joints

Question 29

Dorsal vs palmar interossei

Answer 29

``` Dorsal = abduction Palmar = adduction ```

Question 30

Cubital fossa borders

Answer 30

Brachioradialis Pronator teres Line between epicondyles

Question 31

Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to medial

Answer 31

Radial nerve Biceps tendon Brachial artery Median nerve

Question 32

Contents of carpal tunnel

Answer 32

4 tendons of FDP 4 tendons of FDS Tendon of FPL Median nerve

Question 33

Neck of humerus fracture injury

Answer 33

Axillary nerve

Question 34

Midshaft of humerus fracture injury

Answer 34

Radial nerve | Profunda brachii

Question 35

Supracondylar fracture of humerus injury

Answer 35

Median nerve | Brachial artery

Question 36

Medial epicondyle fracture injury

Answer 36

Ulnar nerve

Question 37

Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 37

Ulnar artery

Question 38

Which artery forms the deep palmar arch?

Answer 38

Radial artery

Question 39

Which nerve supples serratus anterior?

Answer 39

Long thoracic nerve

Question 40

Primary curves

Answer 40

Thoracic and sacral kyphosis

Question 41

Secondary curves

Answer 41

Cervical and lumbar lordosis

Question 42

What is found at T7

Answer 42

Tip of xiphoid | Point of scapula

Question 43

Jefferson fracture

Answer 43

Burst fracture of C1 | Due to impact on top of the head

Question 44

Hangman fracture

Answer 44

Traumatic spondylolithesis Bilateral fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2 Leads to C2 vertebral body slipping forward in relation to C3

Question 45

Signs of vertebral osteoporosis

Answer 45

``` Early = vertical striations Late = radiolucency of body with white border of cortical bone ```

Question 46

DISH

Answer 46

Ossification of ALL No SIJ involvement Left side less affected Candle wax appearance on lateral films

Question 47

Where do fragments get pulled in clavicle fracture?

Answer 47

Medial pulled up by SCM | Lateral pulled inferiorly by the weight of the arm

Question 48

Which rotator cuff tendon is most commonly damaged?

Answer 48

Supraspinatus | As travels directly under acromion

Question 49

What causes supracondylar fracture?

Answer 49

Fall onto flexed elbow

Question 50

What causes median epicondyle fracture?

Answer 50

Avulsion from flexors FOOSH with elbow in valgus Fall onto point of olecranon

Question 51

Which direction does the elbow dislocate in

Answer 51

Posterior

Question 52

Nursemaid's elbow

Answer 52

Radial head dislocation

Question 53

Which way does the hip dislocate?

Answer 53

``` 85% = posterior 15% = anterior ```

Question 54

Knee dislocation direction

Answer 54

Anterior more common | Occur as a result of hyperextension

Question 55

Which malleolus is more commonly damaged?

Answer 55

Lateral

Question 56

Which ligaments are removed in knee replacement?

Answer 56

ACL and PCL | LCL and MCL remain intact

Question 57

Direction of scoliosis

Answer 57

Convex to the right