Localisation Flashcards
what are these sulci and which gyri do they separate
central sulcus
superior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal sulcus
lateral sulcus
superior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal sulcus
cingulate sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
collateral sulcus
divides frontal and parietal lobe
separates superior and middle frontal gyri
separates the middles and inferior frontal gyri
divides the parietal and frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
separates the superior and middle temporal sulci
separates inferior and middle temporal gyri
separates limbic lobe from 4 lobes and isolates cingulate gyrus in limbic lobe
divides parietal and occipital
isolates parahippocampal gyrus which forms the uncut which is part of the limbic lobe
what are brodmans areas (BA)
map of cortex - 46 areas in 1909
what are the sensory primary projection areas for: general sensory visual auditory olfactory gustatory
post central gyrus either side of calcrine sulcus in striate cortex heschl's gyrus (superior temporal gyri) uncus inferior post central gyrus
where is the primary motor cortex found on which gyri
pre-central gyrus
what are the area of the hemispheres that are secondary sensory for these:
general sensory
visual
auditory
superior parietal lobe
pre-striate area
lateral fissure / superior temporal gyri
what is an association area in the brain
receive input from primary areas and interpret them
what does a motor association area do in the brain
send output to primary motor
what is a primary projection sensory area
sensory pathways terminate here and they perceive the sensation
what are the motor association areas where they send output to for these areas
premotor area
supplementary motor area
frontal eye field
anterior to precentral sulcus on lateral surface
same but on medial surface
anterior to premotor
where is the primary motor cortex found, which BA area is it and what does it do
BA4
pre central gyrus (anterior to central sulcus)
controls voluntary action of specific muscles
somatotopiccaly organised
what are the 3 association motor areas in terms of BA and name and what do they do
BA6 - supplementary motor and pre motor - anterior to primary motor, storage of learned complex motor activities
BA8 - frontal eye field - frontal lobe - voluntary eye scanning
BA44/45 Brocas area - inferior frontal gyrus - breathing and vocalisation for normal speech
what are the primary somatosensory cortex areas and what do they do
BA 1,2,3
post central gyrus
receive info for touch, temp, vibration, pain and proprioception
within the primary somatosensory cortex what do these areas do
lateral VPL nucleus
medial VPL nucleus
VPM
LVPL - input from leg to midline
MVPL - arm to lateral region
VPM - face to lateral region
what are the BA of association somatosensory areas in the brain and what do they do
BA 5, 7
superior parietal lobe
spatial analysis, interpretation, understanding and recognition
what would a lesion in the superior parietal lobe (association somatosensory area) lead to
tactile agnosia - know that you are touching something but can’t understand what it is
where is the primary auditory cortex and what is its role
BA 41, 42 - superior temporal gyrus (Heschels gyrus)
conscious perception of sound
Tonotopical organisation
where is the association auditory cortex
BA 22
surrounds primary cortex - auditory information is interpreted and given significance
what is wernickes area and what does it do
BA22
interpretation of written or spoken word - gives meaning to sound
where is the primary visual cortex, what does it do and where is info sent after
BA17
area around calcimine sulcus and occipital lobe
receives information from retina - retinotopically organised
info then sent to primary visual cortex from the LG of the thalamus
where are the association areas of vision and what do they do
BA 18 19
surrounds primary
interpret visual info
what is caused by a lesion to the association visual area
prosopagnosia (inability to recognise faces)
where do you find the taste cortex
extends from inferior margin of post central gyrus
what is the general association cortex and what are two divisions
bring areas together to produce more complex aspect of behaviour and intellectual functioning
prefrontal cortex
parieto-temporal cortex
what is the role of the prefrontal cortex
regulates moods and feeling by responding to sensory input
higher order cognitive functioning such as judgment or conceptualisation
what is the role of the parieto-temporal cortex
integrate information of different modalities bringing senses together
involved in memory
describe the case of phineas gage
damage to left frontal lobe
lost ability to judge and inhibition of impulsive behaviour - can’t respond to certain inputs
what is an homunculi image
size of body part illustrated depicts how many neurones control that area
which hemisphere of the brain is dominant
left
what would damage to broocas or wernickes area cause
wernickes aphasia - inability to understand sounds and cant interpret language - talk fine but doesn’t make sense (no grammar and random)
brocas apahasa - inability to correctly articulate speech (motor issue so sounds are not right)
what is conduction aphasia and how do you test
damage to arcuate fascicles which connects the two areas of W and B area -
test - ask patient to repeat sentences
