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ENV-3602 > Local - Global Sustainability > Flashcards

Local - Global Sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

What do underlying Principles of Sustainability do?

A

Serve as reference for policy and action plan development.

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2
Q

What wasemphasized by the Brundtland Report regarding Intergenerational Equity?

A

Needs of present and future people.

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3
Q

What is the Precautionary Principle?

A

Caution in doing anything that
may have unexpected consequences

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4
Q

Why can Sustainability be challenging?

A

Because it is broad-ranging and ambiguous; challenging to set out principles that have practical relevance and address our ways of thinking about how we live and our global responsibilities

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5
Q

What are the 9 Principles of Sustainability?

A
  • Interconnections at all levels of the
    biosphere.
  • Limits to growth
  • Prevention is better than cure
  • Improve intragenerational equity
  • Confront the challenges of intergenerational equity
  • Respect requisite diversity in both nature and culture
  • Relocalization with global connectedness
  • Consumerism to quality of life goals
  • Travel hopefully in world of uncertainty
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6
Q

What are the three main points to a Local - Global Approach to Sustainability?

A
  1. Conservation Authorities
  2. Biosphere Reserves
  3. Model Forests
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7
Q

Memorize the “Environment and Resource Co-Management” Chart (slide 7)

A

!!!

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8
Q

What are the 4 kinds of actors in an environment and resource co-management?

A
  1. Government
  2. Communities
  3. NGOs
  4. Scientists
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9
Q

What are governments responsible for in a co-management model?

A
  • Administration
  • Financial Resources
  • Legal Framework
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10
Q

What are communities responsible for in a co-management model?

A
  • TEK
  • Locally-adapted management practices
  • Common property regimes
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11
Q

What are NGOs responsible for in a co-management model? (3)

A
  • Advocacy and support
  • Raising awareness
  • Capacity Building
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12
Q

What are scientists responsible for in a co-management model?

A
  • Technical Expertise
  • Models and predictions
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13
Q

What was the purpose of the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A

To address mismanagement of land use activities causing deforestation, flooding, and erosion.

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14
Q

Who advocated for the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A

Farmers, Federation of Ontario Naturalists, and the Ontario Conservation and Reforestation Association.

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15
Q

What was a complication with the Ontario Conservation Authority?

A

Resources are a provincial responsibility, but the problems were felt by the locals.

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16
Q

What kind of actions were completed for the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A

Tree planting, flood infrastructure, and recreation areas.

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17
Q

What did the 1946 Conservation Authorities Act strive to do?

A

Establish and undertake a program designed to further the conservation, restoration, development and management of natural resources other than gas, oil and minerals.

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18
Q

What three resources did the Ontario Authorities Act not apply to?

A
  1. Gas
  2. Oil
  3. Minerals
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19
Q

What was a benefit from the Ontario Authorities Act?

A

This broad mandate gave local decision makers immense control, this created a legal foundation.

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20
Q

What are the three founding principles of the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A
  1. Local Initiative
  2. Provincial-Municipal Partnership
  3. Watershed Management Unit
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21
Q

Describe Local Initiative in reference to the Ontario Conservation Authorities:

A

Watershed municipalities must work together, grassroots involvement in local resource management.

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22
Q

Describe Municipal-Provincial Partnership in reference to the Ontario Conservation Authorities:

A

Cost-sharing; top-down technical advice coupled with local knowledge.

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23
Q

Describe a Watershed Management Unit in reference to the Ontario Conservation Authorities:

A

Political boundaries do not always match those of natural systems; whole systems must be addressed

24
Q

What is the Ontario Conservation Authorities mandate?

A

Projects and programs for water and soil conservation (Source water, flood, and erosion).

25
Q

What is the jurisdiction / land base of the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A

Watershed units, area-based

26
Q

What does the funding look like for the Ontario Conservation Authorities (2)?

A
  1. Shared provincial funds (MNR) and municipal (taxes).
  2. Program revenue (User fees and licensing) and donations.
27
Q

Who are the stakeholders for the Ontario Conservation Authorities?

A

Appointed municipal and provincial representatives; and corporation.

28
Q

What is the Mandate of Biosphere Reserves (3)?

A
  1. Biodiversity Conservation
  2. Research, monitoring, & education
  3. Local Development
29
Q

What jurisdiction / land-base do Biosphere Reserves have?

A

Variable; boundaries are based on significant landforms, watersheds, existing administrative boundaries (I.e., Parks)

30
Q

What kind of funding to Biosphere Reserves have?

A
  • Parks Canada, local volunteers, and charitable funding.
31
Q

Who are the stakeholders of a Biosphere reserve?

A

Representatives from all levels of government and agencies (NGOs, citizens, First Nations, etc.)
- Existing Organizations (Park)

32
Q

What does UNESCO stand for?

A

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

33
Q

Why is UNESCO significant?

A

They are the organization who designates biosphere reserves.

34
Q

What is the Man & the Biosphere Program (1971)?

A

A program to implement protected areas and conservation and to share research.

35
Q

What are the 3 interconnected functions of a Biosphere reserve?

A
  1. Biodiversity Conservation
  2. Research, monitoring and education
  3. Local Development
36
Q

What are the 3 key locations in a Biosphere Reserve?

A
  1. Core
  2. Buffer
  3. Transition / Cooperation
37
Q

Does development of a Biosphere Reserve use a top-down or bottom-up approach, and why?

A

Bottom-up, through local & regional social and economic sustainability.

38
Q

Who are Biosphere Reserves promoted by?

A

Federal Government

39
Q

What is a key piece of information regarding Biosphere Reserves?

A

Regional jurisdictions, but no supporting legislation or earmarked funding in Canada.

40
Q

What is the main activity of Biosphere Reserves?

A

Main activity is stakeholder networking & awareness for project/program/planning

41
Q

Do Biospheres have “Park Acts”?

A

Biospheres do not have a “Park Act” like provincial parks, biospheres need to be designated by UNESCO

42
Q

Which of the two have legal authorities:
- Biosphere Reserve
- Conservation Authorities

A

Conservation Authorities

43
Q

Why do Biosphere Reserves not have legal authority?

A

Because they’re not backed behind an act, like parks are backed by the Park Act.

44
Q

What is the mandate of a Model Forest?

A

Sustainable Forest Management (Social and Ecological aspects)

45
Q

What jurisdiction / land-base do Model Forests have?

A

Variable; boundaries based on significant landscapes

46
Q

What kind of funding do Model Forests have?

A

Formally the federal government, now dependent on local volunteers and fundraising.

47
Q

Who are the stakeholders and decision-makers for Model Forests?

A

Representatives from all levels of government and agencies (NGOs, citizens, First Nations, etc.)
- Existing Organizations (Park)

48
Q

When were Model Forests conceived then created?

A

Conceived in 1990, then created in 1992 under the Canada’s Green Plan for a Healthy Environment.

49
Q

What kind of network did the Model Forest create?

A

A comprehensive network of 75 landscape-level eco-regional sites.

50
Q

What kind of scale does the Model Forest work on?

A

Global

51
Q

How many Model Forest sites exist?

A

60

52
Q

What are the 6 principles of Model Forests?

A
  1. Partnership-based (Conflict resolution).
  2. Commitment to Sustainable Management
  3. Landscape level scale to reflect environmental, social and economic values.
  4. Transparent and accountable governance structure
  5. Generation of knowledge and applied activities
  6. Commitment to sharing and exchange (Networking)
53
Q

Model Forests: Slow shift from ___ sustainability to include _____ sustainability.

A

Forest, community.

54
Q

What is the main activity of Model forests?

A

“Bridging Organizations”: Stakeholder networking and development of tools and info for stakeholder use.

55
Q

What is the main challenge of Model Forests?

A

Implementation

56
Q

Know how to draw out the model table of Conservation Authorities, Biosphere Reserves and Model forests:

A

!!!

ENV-3602 (10 decks)

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