Devolution and Decentralization

Question 1

What are the three processes of Co-Management?

Answer 1

1. Communicative Action
2. Self-Organization
3. Joint / Collaborative Action

Question 2

What are the types of Management Structures of Decentralization / Devolution?

Answer 2

1. Top-down
2. Bottom-up
3. Collaborative

Question 3

What is top-down management structure?

Answer 3

decisions at high levels (technical experts or politicians) ‘delivery’ to lower levels

Question 4

What is bottom-up management structure?

Answer 4

resource users, managers and/or researchers higher authorities (for legal & political approval, budgetary support and staffing.

Question 5

What is a Collaborative Management structure?

Answer 5

Continuous process of collaboration, negotiation & implementation

Question 6

In Command and Control, define Command:

Answer 6

Laws, regulations, sanctions, incentives, disincentives, etc.

Question 7

In command and control, define Control:

Answer 7

Dampening natural variation, suppress fire, artificial ‘stability’ of systems.

Question 8

Define Decentralization:

Answer 8

Administrative transfer of power to local branches of same ministry of central state

Question 9

Define Devolution:

Answer 9

To cede powers to actors and institutions at lower levels

Question 10

Draw the map of Decentralization -> Devolution:

Answer 10

Slide 8

Question 11

What are the 4 main challenges of Decentralization?

Answer 11

1. Erosion of broad democratic process.
2. Local Elitism
3. Accountability & Legitimacy
4. Lack of attention to public good.

Question 12

What is a Participatory Approach?

Answer 12

Degrees of sharing in decision-making.

Question 13

What is the Manitoba RoundTable on Environment and Economy (1992) and example of?

Answer 13

Participatory Approaches

Question 14

What did the Manitoba RoundTable on Environment and Economy (1992) propose? (3)

Answer 14

1. Sustainable Development should be shared responsibility.
2. Achieving sustainable development should be public participation.
3. Sharing power has introduced an important new dimension in public participation.

Question 15

Define a Stakeholder in a Participatory approach:

Answer 15

those who should be included because of their direct interest, including

Question 16

Provide some examples of a Stakeholder in Participatory approaches:

Answer 16

• Any public agency with prescribed management responsibilities.
• All interests significantly affected by a decision.

Question 17

In Participatory Approaches, what are the three growing acknowledgments?

Answer 17

• Science
• Indigenous and local peoples
• Local experiences

Question 18

Decentralized ________ are based on local conditions, values & knowledge with resourced by larger collective, for mutual benefits.

Answer 18

Solutions

Question 19

What are the key components of Communicative Action (1st principle of co-manggment)

Answer 19

1. Deliberation and Leadership
2. Values and Knowledge
3. Shared vision

Question 20

Communicative action requires _____ and _____ for regular interaction.

Answer 20

Spaces and Processes

Question 21

What is a dialogic space?

Answer 21

A place to communicate.

Question 22

Draw the chart for dialogic spaces!!!

Answer 22

Slide16

Question 23

What are the key components of Self-Organizing (2nd principle of co-manggment)

Answer 23

• Networks
• Social Learning (Reflection)
• Communities of Practice

Question 24

Define Social Learning:

Answer 24

Collective action problem solving process where the focus is on sharing experiences and engaging in collective deliberation/negotiation

Question 25

What are the 2 types of social learning?

Answer 25

Single-loop and Double-loop

Question 26

Draw the Social Learning chart:

Answer 26

Slide 19

Question 27

What are two factors of Collaboration

Answer 27

Processes and Outcomes

Question 28

What are the key components of Joint Action / Collaborative Action (3rd principle of co-manggment)

Answer 28

• Institutions
• Capacity Building

Question 29

What does Joint Action / Collaborative Action involve?

Answer 29

1. Collaboration
2. Co-ordination

Question 30

Define Collaboration:

Answer 30

exchanging info, modifying activities in light of others’ needs, sharing resources, and enhancing the capacity of others to achieve mutual benefit and realize common goals or purposes

Question 31

Define Co-ordination:

Answer 31

effective or harmonious working together of different departments, groups, and individuals

Question 32

When can co-ordination take place?

Answer 32

Once collaboration is agreed to.

Question 33

Define the building of Adaptive Capacity:

Answer 33

The ability of a community, region or larger system… to adjust to or otherwise handle (adapt or cope with) stress

Question 34

What are the 6 determinants of adaptive capacity?

Answer 34

• Technology
• Economic resources
• Equity/power
• Information & skills
• Infrastructure
• Institutions

Question 35

Collaboration and Coordination lead to the ________.

Answer 35

Mobilization of capitals.

Question 36

What are the 5 kinds of capitals involved in collaboration and coordination?

Answer 36

1. Social
2. Human
3. Financial
4. Built
5. Natural