Environmental Resource Policy Flashcards
What are the 5 stages of Policy Process?
- Agenda Setting
- Policy Formation
- Decision-making
- Implementation
- Evaluation
What is involved in the agenda setting stage of the policy process?
Incomplete or partial definitions of the policy problem
What is involved in the Policy Formulation stage of the policy process?
Estimations concerning calculation of risks, costs, benefits associated with proposed solutions
What is involved in the Decision Making stage of the policy process?
Adoption of particular course of action or inaction
What is involved in the Implementation stage of the policy process?
Executing policy option selected
Choice is made among policy instruments
What is involved in the Evaluation stage of the policy process?
Results of process monitored and assessed for success
What kind of targets can environmental resource policies have?
Ecological, cultural, social, economic
Define Policy:
a purposeful course of action, or inaction, undertaken by an individual or an organization that is dealing with a concern regarding the use of resources
Policies can be either ______ or _______.
Simple or complex.
How can the shift from government to governance be beneficial?
less hierarchical, more collaborative relationships
Recognized reliance on non-government actors for effectiveness and legitimacy of policy ___________ and __________
development and implementation
Where is a lot of attention given in resource and environmental policy subsystems?
Understanding membership and dynamics of policy subsystems
Define Policy Subsystem:
All actors involved in and impacted by government decisions (policy process)
Define Policy Actors:
key actors (interests) whose activities should be analyzed with policy process
What are the 3 kinds of environmental resource policy actors?
- State
- Societal
- Political
What are the levels of power in policy actors?
Most: Business
Medium: Labour
Least: General Public
Define a Policy Community:
Set of actors in the universe that share common interests e.g. diffuse interests of environmentalists, government agencies, consumers
Define a Policy Network:
Subset of actors connected by their interests and more importantly, directly or indirectly connected to the decision making process.
What kind of actor occur within a policy community (3)?
- Industry
- Bureaucrat
- ENGO
Define an Industry Policy Actor:
benefit from production of the resource
Define a Bureaucrat in a policy community:
larger departmental budget because of focus on given issue; greater status in gov. hierarchy
Define a ENGO in a policy community context
To stop environmental degradation & protect animal welfare for ‘greater good’
What are the 4 policy actors in a policy network?
- Provincial government
- Unions and committees
- Processing industry
- Businesses
In policy process, why are bureaucrats often more central figures than politicians?
Because of their:
- Roles as specialists
- Time and expertise
- Ongoing long-term positions
Define Bureaucracy:
appointed officials dealing with public policy and administration
What are some challenges faced by the policy process and policy community?
- Bureaucracy
- Iron Triangle
- Capture
Define the Iron Triangle:
Policy process controlled by:
- Decision maker
- Regulator
- User
Define the challenge of capture in a policy process and policy community context:
when democratic principles are compromised by pressure from interest groups and private interests override public interests in a policy process
What are 6 main factors and responsibilities of policy and management?
- “Social license” to operate
- Participation
- Inclusiveness i.e. “new entrants”
- Regional and local stability
- Competitiveness & innovation
- Adaptability
