Environmental Resource Policy

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of Policy Process?

Answer 1

1. Agenda Setting
2. Policy Formation
3. Decision-making
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation

Question 2

What is involved in the agenda setting stage of the policy process?

Answer 2

Incomplete or partial definitions of the policy problem

Question 3

What is involved in the Policy Formulation stage of the policy process?

Answer 3

Estimations concerning calculation of risks, costs, benefits associated with proposed solutions

Question 4

What is involved in the Decision Making stage of the policy process?

Answer 4

Adoption of particular course of action or inaction

Question 5

What is involved in the Implementation stage of the policy process?

Answer 5

Executing policy option selected
Choice is made among policy instruments

Question 6

What is involved in the Evaluation stage of the policy process?

Answer 6

Results of process monitored and assessed for success

Question 7

What kind of targets can environmental resource policies have?

Answer 7

Ecological, cultural, social, economic

Question 8

Define Policy:

Answer 8

a purposeful course of action, or inaction, undertaken by an individual or an organization that is dealing with a concern regarding the use of resources

Question 9

Policies can be either ______ or _______.

Answer 9

Simple or complex.

Question 10

How can the shift from government to governance be beneficial?

Answer 10

less hierarchical, more collaborative relationships

Question 11

Recognized reliance on non-government actors for effectiveness and legitimacy of policy ___________ and __________

Answer 11

development and implementation

Question 12

Where is a lot of attention given in resource and environmental policy subsystems?

Answer 12

Understanding membership and dynamics of policy subsystems

Question 13

Define Policy Subsystem:

Answer 13

All actors involved in and impacted by government decisions (policy process)

Question 14

Define Policy Actors:

Answer 14

key actors (interests) whose activities should be analyzed with policy process

Question 15

What are the 3 kinds of environmental resource policy actors?

Answer 15

• State
• Societal
• Political

Question 16

What are the levels of power in policy actors?

Answer 16

Most: Business
Medium: Labour
Least: General Public

Question 17

Define a Policy Community:

Answer 17

Set of actors in the universe that share common interests e.g. diffuse interests of environmentalists, government agencies, consumers

Question 18

Define a Policy Network:

Answer 18

Subset of actors connected by their interests and more importantly, directly or indirectly connected to the decision making process.

Question 19

What kind of actor occur within a policy community (3)?

Answer 19

• Industry
• Bureaucrat
• ENGO

Question 20

Define an Industry Policy Actor:

Answer 20

benefit from production of the resource

Question 21

Define a Bureaucrat in a policy community:

Answer 21

larger departmental budget because of focus on given issue; greater status in gov. hierarchy

Question 22

Define a ENGO in a policy community context

Answer 22

To stop environmental degradation & protect animal welfare for ‘greater good’

Question 23

What are the 4 policy actors in a policy network?

Answer 23

• Provincial government
• Unions and committees
• Processing industry
• Businesses

Question 24

In policy process, why are bureaucrats often more central figures than politicians?

Answer 24

Because of their:
- Roles as specialists
- Time and expertise
- Ongoing long-term positions

Question 25

Define Bureaucracy:

Answer 25

appointed officials dealing with public policy and administration

Question 26

What are some challenges faced by the policy process and policy community?

Answer 26

• Bureaucracy
• Iron Triangle
• Capture

Question 27

Define the Iron Triangle:

Answer 27

Policy process controlled by:
- Decision maker
- Regulator
- User

Question 28

Define the challenge of capture in a policy process and policy community context:

Answer 28

when democratic principles are compromised by pressure from interest groups and private interests override public interests in a policy process

Question 29

What are 6 main factors and responsibilities of policy and management?

Answer 29

1. “Social license” to operate
2. Participation
3. Inclusiveness i.e. “new entrants”
4. Regional and local stability
5. Competitiveness & innovation
6. Adaptability