LObj Chp 21

Question 1

Identify components that comprise the lymphatic system

Answer 1

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, Red bone marrow & Thymus

Question 2

Lymph

Answer 2

(The recovered Interstital fluid that passed through lymphatic vessel) Clear colorless fluid with little protein that originate as ECF drawn into lymphatic capillaries.

Question 3

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 3

Makeup of unified lymphatic capillaries(one ended closed) that return lost plasma proteins to blood stream

Question 4

Lymphatic tissues

Answer 4

Makeup of lymphocytes and macrophages in the ct of mucous membranes(MALT Mucosa-Associated-lymphatic-Tissue and various organs.

Question 5

Lymphatic Organs (Primary) (Red Bone Marrow, Thymus)

Answer 5

Site where stem cells T, and B divide and become IMMUNOCOMPETENT, and are able to recognize and respond to foreign antigens.

Question 6

Lymphatic Organs(Secondary) Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, lymphatic nodules

Answer 6

Sites that deliver/execute/carry out immune responses

Question 7

Major Functions of Lymphatic System

Answer 7

*Maintaining Homeostasis by
-draining excess interstital fluid
- lipid absorption and transport of dietary lipids
- providing defense against disease through immune responses

Question 8

Anatomy of (Lymph Capillaries vs Blood Capillaries)

Answer 8

Lymph Capillaries: Blind ended, with overlapping endothelial cells creating mini-valves, often lacking a complete basement membrane, anchored to surrounding tissue by filaments.

Blood Capillaries: Continuous loop structure, with tight junctions between endothelial cells, usually with a complete basement membrane.

Question 9

Lacteals

Answer 9

[Absorbs dietary fats]Specialized lymph capillaries present within small intestine villi that absorbs fats.

Question 10

Formation and composition of lymph fluid

Answer 10

Leaking of interstitial fluid from capillaries into tissues which is then collected by lymphatic capillaries of lymphatic tissue.

Composition: water, proteins, electrolytes, WBCs, lymphocytes/ cellular debris from tissue.

Question 11

Excessive fluid from blood plasma

Answer 11

Interstitial Fluid

Question 12

Natural Killer Cell

Answer 12

Lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells.

Question 13

Plasma cells

Answer 13

Originated as a B cell, eventually B cells differentiate into an antibody that produces plasma cells

Question 14

Macrophages

Answer 14

Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells are called macrophages

Question 15

Lymph Circulation

Answer 15

1.Lymphatic capillaries absorb Interstitial fluid which turns to lymph
2. Lymph is drained by lymphatic capillaries into [collecting/lymphatic] vessels ………..

Question 16

Thymus Gland

Answer 16

Provides suitable environment for T cell development, and selection, ensuring functional/self tolerant cells are released into circulation. (Adpative Immunity)

#Location: in the Anterior Mediastinum, above heart/ between lungs.
-most active during childhood and atrophies with age

Question 17

Capsule(Thymus):

Answer 17

CT layer surrounding the thymus, providing protection and structural support.

Question 18

Trabeculae(thymus)

Answer 18

Extensions of the capsule that divide the gland into lobules, creating a framework for the tissue.

Question 19

Cortex(Thymus)

Answer 19

Outer region of each lobule, densely packed with [(immature T cells)-thymocytes] and epithelial cells

Question 20

Medulla(Thymus)

Answer 20

inner region of each lobule, containing mature T cells and fewer epithelial cells, often with Hassall’s corpuscles

Question 21

Lymph Nodes

Answer 21

(Filter of lymph fluid) by trapping pathogens and foreign particles.

# Serve as a site for lymphocyte activation and proliferation(plays a crucial role in immunology response)

Question 22

Spleen

Answer 22

Blood filterer, removes old/damaged rbcs and pathogens.

#serves as a reservoir for blood and is a site for the activation of immune responses.

Location: Located in the upper left abdomen, behind stomach/ beneath diaphragm.

Question 23

Capsule(spleen)

Answer 23

Dense CT layer that protects spleen

Question 24

Trabeculae(Spleen)

Answer 24

Divides spleen into compartments via extensions from capsule

Question 25

Red pulp(Spleen)

Answer 25

Area of spleen Responsible for filtering blood, via network of sinuses filled with blood and macrophages for phagocytosis of old/damaged RBCs.

Question 26

White Pulp(spleen)

Answer 26

Lymphocyte-rich/compiled Immune function area including B cells and T cells organized around central arterioles

Question 27

Lymphatic Nodules/Folicules

Answer 27

Small, localized clusters of lymphoid tissue that play a role in immune response by facilitating the production and maturation of lymphocytes and antibody production.
#Consists of B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells.
#Can either be Primary(inactive) or secondary(active) with germinal centers

Question 28

Lymphatic Nodules……con

Answer 28

MALT(Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue): (Mucosal Surfaces) Gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, etc.

Locations: