LO6 Flashcards
what is the pupil
opening at the middle of the eye which light passes through
what is the iris
the visible coloured ring at the front of the eye. it adjusts to control the amount of light entering the pupil.
what is the tear glands
lacrimal glands
produce tears to lubricate and clean the front if the eye. fluid contains salt and has natural antiseptic properties
what are the aqueous and vitreous humours
(or fluids) watery, jelly-like fluids that fill the eye. they keep the eyes shape and nourish it.
what is the conjunctiva
thin membrane that protects the cornea
what is the cornea
is at the front of the eye and transparent
light passes through the cornea to retina
what is the retina
the inner lining of the eye, contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones
what is the macula
high concentration of photoreceptor cells , these detect light and sends signals to the brain, which interprets them as images
what is the optic nerve
nerve cells exit the eye
no rods and cones so called the blind spot
ciliary muscles
enables the lens to change shape for focusing
it contracts to stretch the lens making it flatter and thinner
what are the suspensory ligaments
attach the lens to the ciliary muscle
what is the lens
focusing light enters the eye
what are the parts of the ear
eardrum
stapes/icus/malleus- ear bones
cochlea
organ of corti
eustachian tube
round window
auditory nerve
semi circular canals and ampullae
what is the ear drum
thin layer of tissue that receives the sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear
what is the stapes/incus/malleus
small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit them across the middle ear to the cochlea
what is the cochlea
contains jelly like fluid in a coiled shell. vibrations pass through the fluid and are converted to neutral messages and passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve
what is the organ of corti
located in the cochlea, sometimes called the bodies microphone and is lined with hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses
what is the eustachian tube
connects the middle ear to the throat
ensured the pressure of the middle eat is equal to the pressure outside the ear
what is the round window
drum like membrane. vibrations from the round window pass to the cochlea
what is the auditory nerve
bundle of nerve fibres that carry hearing info from th cochlea to the brain
what is the semi circular canals and ampullae
tiny fluid filled tubes in the inner ear that help with balance. they have nothing to do with hearing. lined with cilia and the movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain and work as a motion sensor to help you balance.
what is the cause of glaucoma
caused by the build of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humours unable to drain properly and this increase in pressure damages the optic nerve
increases the risk:
age
ethnicity-africans an asians are higher risk
family history
effects of glaucoma
no symptoms to begin with
develops slowly after many year and effects peripheral vision first
many people don’t realise they have glaucoma and only found during an eye test
symptoms may include blurred vision
if t
left untreated the pressure will damage the optic nerve causing blindness
cause of age related macular degeneration
exact cause is unknown
has been linked to smoking , high blood pressure, being over weight and having a family history
what are the effects of age related macular degeneration
doesn’t cause total blindness but there is a gradual loss of central vision
without treatment vision may get worse can happen over several years (dry AMD) or quickly (wet AMD)
seeing straight lines as wavy lines
objects look smaller than usual
colours seem less bright
hallucinations
causes of cataracts
diabetes
exposure to UV
taking certain medications for a long time
smoking and drinking too much alcohol
family history
effects of cataracts
changes in the lens resulting in cloudy patches
misty vision
colours look pale
everything has a brown or yellow tinge
small patches of less clear vision
bright lights are dazzling
more difficult to see in bright or dim lights
double vision
causes of retinoplathy
complication of diabetes caused by high blood sugar levels that damage the retina.
effects of retinopathy
blindness
causes of deafness
gradual hearing loss- due to ageing or prolonged exposure to sound
conductive hearing loss-due to blockage or infection or due to a perforated eardrum. may be due to changes in oestrogen in women
sensorineural hearing loss- caused by damage to the hair cells in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve . viral infections like measles and mumps are causes. blow to the head cause damage the inner ear
effects of deafness
difficulty hearing other people clearly
asking people to repeat themselves
difficulty hearing on the phone
finding it hard to keep up with the convo
having to tun up the tv
hearing aid or implants
treatment for glaucoma
daily eye drops
regular monitoring appointments
laser eye treatment to open up blockages
surgery to help drainage
treatments for dry AMD
no cure
stop smoking and having a healthy diet may slow th progression
support services to help individual adapt
treatments for wet AMD
regular scans to monitor
injections in the eye start with monthly and then gets less frequent
photodynamic therapy using laser treatment. dye injected and laser destroys abnormal blood vessels
treatment for cataracts
regular eye examinations
stringer glasses and brighter reading lights
surgery to replace lens
treatment for retinopathy
monitoring
-control blood sugar levels
-control cholesterol and blood pressure
-attend diabetic eye screening appointments
treatment
-injctions of medication into the eye
-laser treatment
-operation to remove scar tissue from the eye
treatments for hearing loss
ear wax sucked out or softer with ear drops
hearing ads
implants
sign language
impacts on lifestyle and care needs of eye and ear malfunction
side effects if medication
regular check ups
recovery from surgery
healthy eating and diet changes
taking care to avoid injuries
may become housebound
home adaptations
different ways of communicating
loss independance
problems with reading driving
feeling tired and stressed
loss of employment if individual can adapt
emotional and social effets
