LM Musculoskeletal Flashcards
ASSESSMENTOF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
● Inspection for joint symmetry, alignment, bony deformities
● Inspection and palpation of surrounding tissues for skin changes, nodules, muscle atrophy, crepitus
● Range of motion and maneuvers to test joint function and stability, and integrity of ligaments, tendons, bursae, especially if pain or trauma
● Assessment of inflammation or arthritis
● Assessment of muscle strength
Associated skin conditions
✓_____ – increases risk of low bone density.
✓_____ - have increased body weight and thereby increased bone density.
Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
Associated skin conditions
✓_____ –bone pain (due to ischemia and bone infection secondary to vaso occlusion), osteomyelitis (impaired immune fx), osteoporosis (secondary to chronic anemia), arthritis (secondary to vaso-occlusion and chronic inflammation), osteonecrosis/avascular necrosis
✓_____ – spontaneous tendon rupture, arthritis, athralgia (joint pain), synovitis (synovial membrane), tenosynovitis (tendons)
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Associated skin conditions
✓_____ – inflammation of the joints
✓_____ – autoimmune dse that affects the joints
✓_____ – inflammatory arthritis due to urate crystal accumulation in the joints
✓_____ – degenerative dse @ breakdown of cartilage in the joints
✓_____ - bones demineralize and become porous and fragile, making them susceptible to fractures.
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gout
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
POINTS TO REMEMBER
✓_____: Moving away from midline of the body
✓_____: Moving toward midline of the body
✓_____: Circular motion
✓_____: Moving inward
✓_____: Moving outward
✓_____: Straightening the extremity at the joint and increasing the angle of the joint
✓_____: Joint bends greater than 180 degrees
✓_____: Bending the extremity at the joint and decreasing the angle of the joint
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Inversion
Eversion
Extension
Hyperextension
Flexion
POINTS TO REMEMBER
✓_____: Toes draw upward to ankle
✓_____: Toes point away from ankle
✓_____: Turning or facing downward
✓_____: Turning or facing upward
✓_____: Moving forward
✓_____: Moving backward
✓_____: Turning of a bone on its own long axis
✓_____: Turning of a bone toward the center of the body
✓_____: Turning of a bone away from the center of the body
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Pronation
Supination
Protraction
Retraction
Rotation
Internal rotation
External rotation
Presence of swelling is significant and signals joint irritation.
Deformities include:
_____
_____: Partial dislocation.
_____: Shortening of muscle.
_____: Fixation of a joint.
Dislocation
Subluxation
Contracture
Ankylosis
_____ may be evident by a decrease in muscle tone.
Muscle atrophy
It is an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement.
It occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened.
Crepitus/Crepitation
It’s used to measure how much a joint can move
Goniometer
Test for Muscle Strength
Grade/Description, % Normal, Assessment
5, Full ROM against gravity, full resistance, 100% Normal
4, Full ROM against gravity, some resistance, 75% Good
3, Full ROM with gravity, 50% Fear
2, Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion), 25% Poor
1, Slight contraction, 10% Trace
0, No contraction, 0% Zero
Ability to follow gait sequencing of both stance and swing
Conformity
ROM of the thoracic and lumbar spine
A. Flexion _____
B. Hyperflexion _____
C. Lateral Flexion (Right and Left) _____
D. Rotation _____
A. Flexion: 75°
B. Hyperextension: 30°
C. Lateral Flexion (Right and Left): 35°
D. Rotation: 30°
Test for Muscle Strength
A. To test triceps muscle strength, ask the patient to extend the arm while you resist by pushing it to a flexed position.
B. To test biceps strength, have the patient try to flex the arm while you try to extend his or her forearm.
Asses for ROTATOR CUFF DAMAGE: _____
Abduct the patient’s affected arm and ask the patient to lower the arm slowly.
NORMAL: The expected response is a slow, controlled adduction of the arm.
DROP ARM TEST
_____ refers to the bending of the fingers towards the little finger.
_____ is characterized by hyperextension of the middle finger joint (PIP) and flexion of the end joint (DIP).
_____ is characterized by flexion of the middle finger joint (PIP) and hyperextension of the end joint (DIP).
Ulnar deviation
Swan neck deformity
Boutonnière deformity
Special Procedures
_____: Ask the person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees for 60 seconds.
_____: Direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand.
_____: Ask the client “what do u do when your symptoms are worse?
Phalen Test
Tinel Sign
Flick signal
Makes your knees stick together:
Makes your knees spread apart:
GENU VALGUM
GENU VARUM
ASSESS FOR KNEE EFFUSION: _____
This sign confirms the presence of small amounts of fluid as you try to move the fluid from one side of the joint to the other. Firmly stroke up on the medial aspect of the knee 2 or 3 times to displace any fluid (A). Tap the lateral aspect (B).
Bulge Sign
a physical examination maneuver used to assess for potential meniscus tears in the knee.
McMurray Test
_____ is the movement applied to a joint solely by another person or persons or a passive motion machine.
Passive range of motion
_____ is movement of a joint provided entirely by the individual performing the exercise. In this case, there is no outside force aiding in the movement.
Active range of motion
Straight Leg Raising or _____
Lasegue Test
Test for external hip rotation
Patrick test
