Peripheral Vascular System Flashcards
high- protein swelling of the limb, most commonly caused by breast cancer treatment.
Lymphedema
Episodes of abrupt, progressive tricolor change of the fingers in response to cold, vibration, or stress: (1) white (2) blue (3) finally red
Reynaud Phenomenon
a rare disease that causes inflammation and blood clots in the small and medium-sized arteries and veins, primarily in the hands and feet, often linked to smoking. / Tissue death
Buerger disease
a rare condition that thickens your skin and tissue throughout your body.
scleroderma
Ulnar pulse
Abnormal
Obliteration: _____
Inelasticity: _____
compartment syndrome
arteriosclerosis
used to evaluate the adequacy of collateral circulation before cannulating the radial artery.
Allen test
Skin color abnormal findings:
_____: arterial insufficiency
_____: venous insufficiency
Pallor (elevated) & rubor
Cyanosis (dependent) & rubor
Smooth ulcers with even margins at pressure areas
arterial insufficiency
Ulcers with irregular margins, bleeding, & possible bacterial infection at medial ankle.
venous insufficiency
an enlarged section of an artery behind your knee
POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM
A deep vein is occluded by a thrombus, causing inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis, and edema.
Deep vein thromboplebitis
results from damaged or blocked lymphatic circulation.
Lymphedema
Prominent venous patterning with edema may indicate
venous obstruction
It is a vascular disorder caused by vasoconstriction or vasospasm of the fingers or toes, characterized by rapid changes of color (pallor, cyanosis, and redness), swelling, pain, numbness, tingling, burning, throbbing, and coldness.
Raynaud disorder
Lack of resilience or inelasticity of the artery wall may indicate
arteriosclerosis
evident with ulcerations that are slow to heal, dry and shriveled skin that changes color from blue to black and eventually sloughs off, cold and numb skin; pain may or may not be present.
Gangrene
A rusty, ruddy, or brownish pigmentation (rubor) around the ankles indicates
venous insufficiency
characterized by a 1-cm difference in measurement at the ankles or a 2-cm difference at the calf, and a swollen extremity.
Unilateral edema
It is usually caused by venous stasis due to insufficiency or an obstruction. It may also be caused by lymphedema
Unilateral edema
A difference in measurement between legs
muscular atrophy.
Increased warmth in the leg, resulting from a secondary inflammation in the tissue around the vein.
superficial thrombophlebitis
Lymph nodes larger than 2 cm with or without tenderness
lymphadenopathy
A weak or absent pulse indicates
partial or complete arterial occlusion.
may appear as distended, nodular, bulging, and tortuous, depending on severity.
Varicose veins
common in the anterior lateral thigh and lower leg, the posterior lateral calf, and anus (known as hemorrhoids)
Varicose veins
_____ result from incompetent valves in the veins, weak vein walls, or an obstruction above the varicosity.
Varicose veins
_____is marked by redness, thickening, and tenderness along the vein.
Superficial vein thrombophlebitis
If the ABI is 0.91–1.00, it is considered _____
borderline abnormal
_____ produces falsely elevated ankle pressure by making the vessels noncompressible.
Medial calcific sclerosis
Dramatic blanching of fingers on both hands
Raynaud disease
Caused by abnormal or blocked lymph vessels
EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHEDEMA
Caused by obstruction or insufficiency of deep veins
EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
Loss of hair on the legs: ______
arterial insufficiency
systemic problem (heart failure); chronic venous insufficiency; lymphedema or prolonged sitting/standing (orthostatic edema)
Bilateral edema
0+= non pitting edema
1+= mild pitting edema. (_____)
2+= moderate pitting edema (_____)
3+= moderately severe pitting edema (_____, lasts more than 1 minute)
4+= severe pitting edema. (_____, lasts more than 2 minutes)
0+= non pitting edema
1+= mild pitting edema. (2mm)
2+= moderate pitting edema (4mm)
3+= moderately severe pitting edema (6mm, lasts more than 1 minute)
4+= severe pitting edema. (8mm, lasts more than 2 minutes)
partial obstruction and
diminished blood flow to the lower
extremities
Bruits
Pulse deficit formula
Radial pulse - apical pulse
The ABI is calculated by dividing
the ankle systolic pressure by the
brachial systolic pressure.
The expected value of ABI is ___ to ___
0.95 to 1
Hard to palpate, need to search for it, may fade in and out, easily obliterated by pressure.
Weak, “Thready” pulse
Easily palpable, pounds under your fingertips.
Full, Bounding Pulse- 3+
Rhythm regular, but force varies, with alternating beats of large and small amplitude.
Pulsus Alternans
Beats have weaker amplitude with inspiration, stronger with expiration; best determined during blood pressure mea-surement; reading decreases (>10 mm Hg) during inspiration and increases with expiration
Pulsus Paradoxus
It is used as a marker for increased large arterial stiffness, predictor for Cardiovascular mortality in both general and hypertensive populations.
Pulse pressure
