TL (Abnormal findings) Flashcards
Elliptical in shape with an AP diameter smaller than lateral diameter (1:2).
Normal Chest Configuration
Thorax is round shaped.
Barrel chest
AP diameter to diameter ratio is 1:1.
Barrel chest
Thorax has depression in lower sternum and is seen with congenital conditions that can cause murmurs or compress the heart and vessels.
Pectus excavatum (Funnel chest)
Sternum protrudes forward. Congenital. Increased AP diameter.
Pectus carinatum
Lateral S-shaped curve of the spine
Scoliosis
Exaggerated increased rounding of the thoracic spine, often seen with osteoporosis in older women.
Kyphosis
Such athletes (including swimmers) often have a forward-translated head, pronounced thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and internally rotated shoulders.
Overhead position
Normal breath sounds
Brachial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Abnormal sounds
Crackles
Pleural friction rub
Wheezing
High pitched, short popping sounds and bubbling
Crackles
Low pitched, dry, Grating sounds
Pleural friction rub
High pitched musical sounds, and snoring or moaning.
Wheezing
More than 24 breaths/min and shallow
Tachypnea
Less than 10 breaths/min and regular
Bradypnea
Increased rate and increased depth
Hyperventilation
Rapid, deep, labored
Kussmaul
Decreased rate, decreased depth, irregular pattern
Hypoventilation
Regular patterm characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of
apnea
Cheyne-stoke respiration
Irregular pattern characterized by varying depth and rate of respirations followed by periods of apnea
Biot respiration
