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Biology > Living Organisms > Flashcards

Living Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 classes of organism?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses

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2
Q

How is carbohydrate stored in plants?

A

As starch or sucrose

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3
Q

How is carbohydrate stored in animals?

A

As glycogen

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4
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

What is mycelium?

A

The organisation of a fungi’s body, it is made up of thread-like structures called hypae

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6
Q

What are fungus cell walls made out of?

A

Chitin

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7
Q

How do fungi get their nutrition?

A

They secrete digestive enzymes onto food material and they absorb the organic products

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8
Q

What is the name given to fungal nutrition?

A

Saprotrophic nutrition

Dead feeding/nutrition - literal meaning

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9
Q

What do hypae contain?

A

Many nuclei

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10
Q

How may a fungus store carbohydrates?

A

As glycogen

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11
Q

What are bacteria?

A

Microscopic single-celled organisms

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12
Q

Give an example of a fungus with a typical hyphae structure

A

Mucor

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13
Q

Give an example of a single-celled fungus

A

Yeast

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14
Q

What are the elements of a bacteria structure?

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids (sometimes a flagellum)

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15
Q

What can some bacteria do?

A

Photosynthesise

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16
Q

What does a bacteria have instead of a nucleus?

A

A plasmid

17
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A double-stranded, small, circle of DNA

18
Q

Apart from photosynthesis, what do bacteria do for nutrition?

A

They feed off of living or dead organisms

19
Q

Name the bacteria used in the production of yogurt from milk

A

Lactobacillus Bulgaricus

20
Q

Name the pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia

A

Pneumococcus

21
Q

What are protoctists?

A

Microscopic single-celled organisms (like bacteria)

22
Q

What is a virus?

A

Viruses are parasitic small particles (smaller than bacteria), they can infect any type of organism

23
Q

Where is the only place where viruses are able to reproduce?

A

In living cells

24
Q

Name a protoctist that has a cell structure like an animal cell

A

Amoeba, a pond dweller

25
Q

Name a protoctist that has a cell structure like an plant cell

A

Chlorella

26
Q

Name a protoctist that is pathogenic

A

Plasmodium, it is responsible for causing malaria

27
Q

What is the structure of a virus?

A

There is none, but they have a protein coat and either DNA or RNA

28
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

29
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

30
Q

Name two pathogenic viruses

A

Influenza - causes the flu

HIV - causes AIDS

31
Q

What is a pathogen and what 4 organism groups can they be?

A

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease

They could be fungi, bacteria, protoctists, or viruses

Biology (12 decks)

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