Living Organisms Flashcards
What are the 6 classes of organism?
Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses
How is carbohydrate stored in plants?
As starch or sucrose
How is carbohydrate stored in animals?
As glycogen
What are plant cell walls made out of?
Cellulose
What is mycelium?
The organisation of a fungi’s body, it is made up of thread-like structures called hypae
What are fungus cell walls made out of?
Chitin
How do fungi get their nutrition?
They secrete digestive enzymes onto food material and they absorb the organic products
What is the name given to fungal nutrition?
Saprotrophic nutrition
Dead feeding/nutrition - literal meaning
What do hypae contain?
Many nuclei
How may a fungus store carbohydrates?
As glycogen
What are bacteria?
Microscopic single-celled organisms
Give an example of a fungus with a typical hyphae structure
Mucor
Give an example of a single-celled fungus
Yeast
What are the elements of a bacteria structure?
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids (sometimes a flagellum)
What can some bacteria do?
Photosynthesise
What does a bacteria have instead of a nucleus?
A plasmid
What is a plasmid?
A double-stranded, small, circle of DNA
Apart from photosynthesis, what do bacteria do for nutrition?
They feed off of living or dead organisms
Name the bacteria used in the production of yogurt from milk
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus
Name the pathogenic bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia
Pneumococcus
What are protoctists?
Microscopic single-celled organisms (like bacteria)
What is a virus?
Viruses are parasitic small particles (smaller than bacteria), they can infect any type of organism
Where is the only place where viruses are able to reproduce?
In living cells
Name a protoctist that has a cell structure like an animal cell
Amoeba, a pond dweller
Name a protoctist that has a cell structure like an plant cell
Chlorella
Name a protoctist that is pathogenic
Plasmodium, it is responsible for causing malaria
What is the structure of a virus?
There is none, but they have a protein coat and either DNA or RNA
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Name two pathogenic viruses
Influenza - causes the flu
HIV - causes AIDS
What is a pathogen and what 4 organism groups can they be?
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease
They could be fungi, bacteria, protoctists, or viruses
