Biological Molecules Flashcards
What elements are in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What elements are in lipids (fats and oils)?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What elements are in proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen AND Nitrogen
What are starch and glycogen composed of?
Simple sugars
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids
What are lipids composed of?
3 Fatty Acids and Glycerol
How do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?
They lower the activation energy for the reaction, making it faster
Describe an experiment that shows the effect of temperature on the speed of enzyme activity
Put starch into a test tube; either heat or cool it.
Add amylase
With this mixture on white tiles, add iodine
Time how long it takes for the iodine to stop being blue black
Repeat at different temperatures and compare
What is the definition of active transport?
Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (against the concentration gradient), requiring energy
What is the definition of osmosis?
Movement of liquid molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane
What is the definition of diffusion?
Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration
How does surface area affect movement of molecules?
Larger surface area means there is more area for molecules to diffuse through
How does temperature affect the movement of molecules?
Higher temperature means more kinetic energy, molecules will collide with the cell membrane more, increasing the chance of movement through it
How does concentration gradient affect the movement of molecules?
The larger the difference in concentration, the faster movement across membranes will happen
