Livet (præ Kambrium)

Question 1

What percentage of Earth’s time happened in the Precambrian?

Answer 1

90% hvilket svarer til ca. 4 Mia. år

Question 2

What is Faint Young Sun Paradox?

Answer 2

Beviser på flydende vand, men selvom solen ikke har været særlig kraftig.

Question 3

Hvad er de 2 mulige forklaring på Faint Young Sun Paradox?

Answer 3

Greenhouse gases:
Some scientists suggest that the early Earth had higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, which would have trapped more heat and compensated for the lower solar radiation.

The Albiodo effect:
If there were large areas of low albedo surfaces, such as dark oceans or land with low reflectivity, these areas would absorb more sunlight, contributing to warming. This could counteract the cooling effect of the faint young Sun.

Question 4

Hvor meget svagere var den tidlige sol

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

Hvordan var atmosfæren i Præ Kambrium

Answer 5

Meget tynd
80% CO2
Toxic - meget lidt Oxygen

Question 6

Beskriv AUTOTROPHS VS HETEROTROPHS

Answer 6

Autotrophs:

			Definition: Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own organic compounds (such as carbohydrates) from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water.

    Energy Source: Autotrophs utilize external energy sources, often sunlight, to drive the process of photosynthesis. Some autotrophs, called chemoautotrophs, use energy from chemical reactions to produce organic compounds.

    Examples: Plants, algae, and certain bacteria are common examples of autotrophs.

Heterotrophs:

    Definition: Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesize their own organic compounds and rely on external sources, such as other organisms, for obtaining organic molecules.

    Energy Source: Heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming organic matter produced by autotrophs or by eating other heterotrophs.

    Examples: Animals, fungi, and many bacteria are examples of heterotrophs.

Question 7

Beskriv alle måder at klasseficeret/organisere liv

Answer 7

Cell type procraioter vs eucariotes

Autoph vs Heterotrph

The 5 kingdoms

Single cell vs multicellular

Aerobic vs anaerobic,

Question 8

What is the earliest evidence for life on Earth?

Answer 8

First anaerobic life 4.1

Question 9

What is FREE Oxygen

Answer 9

Free oxygen refers to molecular oxygen (O2) that exists in the Earth’s atmosphere in a gaseous form and is not chemically bound to other elements. In the context of Earth’s atmosphere, oxygen is considered “free” when it is not part of compounds like water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), or other molecules. Molecular oxygen makes up about 20.95% of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Question 10

procraioter vs eucariotes

Answer 10

Procraioter er mindre, har DNA placeret frit i cytoplasm uden indkapslet cellekerne. Har ikke veldefinerede membranbundne organeller
Bakterier og archaea er prokaryoter

Eucariotes celler har en veldefineret kerne, hvor DNA er indkapslet i en membran. Mange eucariotes er Aerobic

First eucariotic life is 2.0 GA. (ormelignede fossil)

Question 11

Hvad er de 5 kingdoms?

Answer 11

Monera (both singlecelled)
Archea, fx Methanogens

Bakteria, fx Cyanobakterias

Protista
Eucariotic, also single celled, Some alges, protozoan

Fungi
Eucariotic, multicelled, fx Mushrooms

Plantae
Obtain nutrions by fotosynthese, fx tress

Animalia
Heterotroph

Question 12

How are red beds different from BIFs and what do they signify?

Answer 12

Red beds are above the ocean and tell us about free oxygen in the atmosphere.
(they where made when the iron in the oceans were fully saturated (BIFs) so oxygen could become “free” and react with iron above the ocean)

Question 13

Explain the great oxidation event

Answer 13

The great oxidation event refferes to the event where the oceans and the atmosphere got esaturated (mættet) of oxygen, and free oxygen occoured, resulting in an oxygen “polution”, where a lot of anerob life in the seas went extinct.

The great oxidation made apperered 2.4 GA, and made ozon in the stratosphere, and made room for aerobic life.

Question 14

Hvad menes med det første eucariotic life?

Answer 14

2.0 GA

Endosymbiosis:
Singlecelled prokaryotic, optager aerobic bakteria, som bliver mitochondria (sted i cellen hvor der bliver lavet energi) i alle eucariotic cells. Cellen bliver forfar for alle eucariotic cells.

Endosymbiosis i eucariotic cell med cyanobakteria become chloroplasts in new eucariotic cell. Now photosynthesis.

Question 15

Hvad menes med: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

Answer 15

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genius
Species

Question 16

Hvad er den tidligste fotosyntetiske liv?

Answer 16

3.5 Ga: First photosynthetic life = stromatolites, Cyanobakterias procraiot.

Question 17

Hvad skete der efter the great oxidation?

Answer 17

Some boring billion yeas
- Snowball earth 720 million years ago

• 635 warming of earth, Pga the rock cycle, som fører til mere CO2 i den periode, og CO2 til vandet. Her Water chemestry
• Forskellige Multicellular softbodied organism kom frem i Ediacaran 635 million years (end of precambrium).
• Også jellyfish