Livet (Cenozoic) Flashcards
Why is the Cenozoic called the Age of Mammals? How about in the context of all of Earth’shistory? What drove this proliferation?
Because its the time ehere Mammals began to dominate and could evolve.
Due to the extinction of many land and sea reptiles mammals could fil in the niches left vacant and greatly diversify
Beskriv klimaet igennem cenozoikum. Hvorfor?
Warm house til eocene, cool house til pliocene, og icehouse til pleistocene.
Bjergdannelse:
Himalya colliding op i asien, Eocene 50 mil, tectonics
Alps, africa colliding with eruassion tectonicplates. Oligoscene (23 mil) ish.
Høj aktivitet i MOR = co2, varmhouse,
Collission = more wearthing, og “carbon capture” til undergrunden = Coolhouse og senere Icehouse.
What makes primates special within the mammal class? What about Anthropoids?
Hominids? Hominins?
Grasping Hands and Feet
- Good for using objects and climbing
Forward-Facing Eyes
Large Brain Relative to Body Size
- This increased brain size is associated with complex cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and social behaviors
Complex Social Structures
- Communication, hierarchy, cooperation
Dietary Adaptations
- Dental formula corresponds to diets - various types of teeth
Parental Care and Extended Childhood
Nails Instead of Claws
Finer motor skills and grip
Flexible Limbs
Swinging, twisting
Hvad menes med stereoscopic, bipedal, omnivorous, dexterity
Stereoscopic: Dybdesyn, øjne placeret forest på hovedet.
Bipedal: To benet
Omnivorous: variende spisende
dexterity: Fin motoerisk, koordinerede bevægelser, fingerfærdighed.
In your learning, but also in your opinion, what makes humans human?
Our way of thinking of others, reacting to emotions, adapting, socializing, able to reflect, upright posture, thumbs
What are some examples of uncertainties in terms of dates or timing of events?
When the different hominids split ways
What are some skull characteristics that help paleoanthropologists (and you!) understand the hominin lineage?
HOMININS
- Cranial capacity
Size of head - Prognathism
How much forward the jaw is located compared to the rest of the cranium - Foramen magnum
It is the opening through which the spinal cord passes and connects with the brain. The term “foramen magnum” is Latin for “large hole” or “great opening.” - Zygomatic arch
Located next to the jars, cheekbone. Can have a hole through. It plays a crucial role in shaping the face and protecting the eye. - Brow ridge
How much the eyebrows point out and how thick they are - Sagittal crest
Rounded on today’s humans. More pointy like a ‘hanekam’ on older relatives - Mandible
The size of our lower jaws - tells something about diet - Dental arcade
Shape of system of teeth - u-formed = ape - v-formed = human - Teeth
Reduced canines for today’s humans
What is the Anthropocene and what is your opinion on its name, timing, and designation?
A proposed name for the age, that we currently live in, due to the impact of the anthropoids (including humans). Our impact is big but our time still relatively short, so maybe not yet. Depends on if you favor time over impact - what is our impact actually on the big scale, if we are extinct in a thousand years?
Describe what you know about each level of our taxonomic lineage:
Life: We are living creatures, yes
Domain: We consist of eukaryotic cells capable of multiple functions not single celled procaryotic
Kingdom: We are animals - not plants
Phylum: We are members of the chordates due to our spinal core
Class: We’re warm blooded (endothermic), living-birth-giving, hairy/fury, milk producing, more complex brain = mammals
Order: As primates we have:
Grasping Hands and Feet
Forward-Facing Eyes
Large Brain Relative to Body Size
Complex Social Structures
Dietary Adaptations
Parental Care and Extended Childhood
Nails Instead of Claws
Flexible Limbs
Family: As hominids we are:
Are bipedal and upright posture
Reduced canine teeth
Have omnivorous diets
Developed increased manual dexterity
Evolved to use sophisticated tools
Genus: Homo, Things that differs us from the other apes:
Advanced communication
More use of tools
Cultural behavior
Longer lifespan
Less strong bones and muscles - relies on each other, tools and less harsh diet
Species: Sapiens, The only surviving Homo today another species is neandertaler
Giv en overordnet tidslinje for mennesket vandring i verdenen, i sammenspil med klimaet
Homoerectus first to migrate from afrika 1.9 Million ago
300.000 homosapiens are born and migrates i afrika
70.000 Pleistoscene coldest period.
60.000 years leave afrika
50.000 reach australia
35.000 middle east and central asia populated
40.000 reach europe from southeast. Neandertaler go extinct
25.000 Glacial maksimum
15.000 now migrate to America from serbira
12.000 agricultural revolution begins.
Hvordan kunne de komme til australien og Amerika?
landbro Sebirien til Alaska
Landbro fra asien til australien.
Maximum glacial periode med kæmpe store gletchiers nord og syd 20.000 år siden, sænker vandstanden.
Kom med en overordnet evolution fra mammals til homosapien
65 mil years Ago
Primate evovle from primate
- Small, stereoscopic vision, gasping hand and feet, relatively large brain compared to body size,
34 million ago
Primate have splitten into different groups, fx lemurs and anthropoids (monkeys and apes)
34-5 million years
New world monkeys split into oldworld monkey.
23-5 million years
Early Hominoids (The great apes group) split from old world
5-2 years
Australopithecus (lucy) a geus of early hominins (hominins: Orangutang gorillas chimpanzees and bonbos, ( a group of great apes also but exclude some ekstra apes).
- Walked upright on a regular basis
- Still small and climbed trees
- Increase of brain size.
- Den gruppe vi lavede kranie øvelse på.
2.7-2.3 years old.
Paranthropus
Large teeth and powerful jaws (diverse diet)
2.8-1,5 Homo habilis
Homo group - encrease of brainsize other diet than the paranthropus group.
We not sure if bipedal or not
1,9-140000 homo erectus
Bi pedal
400.000 homo-neandertaler
300.000 homo sapiens.
Hvad hedder hovedgrupperne anthropoids (abeorden)?
Newworld monkeys, old worldmonkey Hominoids.
