Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdomen Review > Liver - Part 1 > Flashcards

Liver - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A
  1. Produces most proteins needed by the body
  2. Metabolizes or breaks down nutrients for food to produce energy when needed
    - recycles iron
  3. Prevents shortages of nutrients by storing certain vitamins, minerals and sugar
  4. Produces bile, a compound needed to digest fat and absorb Vitamins A,D,E and K
    about 1/2 a pint per day
  5. Produces most of the substances that regulate blood clotting
  6. Helps your body fight infection by removing bacteria from blood
  7. Removes potentially toxic byproducts of certain medications
  8. Detoxification
  9. Hematopoiesis in fetal life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the liver lab tests? (7)

A
  1. Alkaline phosphatase
  2. Alpha feta protein
  3. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
  4. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
  5. Bilirubin
  6. Prothrombin time
  7. Serum albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alkaline phosphatase (2)

A
  1. Enzyme produced primary by the liver, bone and placenta

2. Excreted through the bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase indicate?

A

Obstructed jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal level of alkaline phosphatase?

A

35-150U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alpha feta protein (2)

A
  1. Protein synthesized by the liver

2. Nonspecific marker for malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ALT

A

Alanine aminotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alanine aminotransferase

A

Enzyme found in high concentrations in the liver and lower concentrations in the heart, muscle and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does ALT or AST remain higher longer?

A

ALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is alanine aminotransferase used to assess?

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase indicate? (3)

A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Biliary obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mildly elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase associated with?

A

Liver metastases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal range of alanine aminotransferase?

A

1-45 U/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AST

A

Aspartate aminotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase

A

Enzyme present in many kinds of tissue that is released when cells are injured or damaged
- levels are proportional to the amount of damage there is the time between injury and testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is aspartate aminotransferase used to diagnose?

A

Liver disease before jaundice occurs

17
Q

What does elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase indicate? (3)

A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Mononucleosis
18
Q

What is the normal range for aspartate aminotransferase?

A

1-36 U/L

19
Q

Bilirubin

A

A product from the breakdown of Hg in old RBCs

- a disruption in the process may cause abnormal levels and leakage into tissues gives the skin a yellow appearance

20
Q

What does elevated levels of direct bilirubin indicate? (4)

A
  1. Obstruction
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Liver metastases
21
Q

What does elevated levels on indirect bilirubin indicate?

A

Non-obstructive conditions

- eg) fatty infiltration

22
Q

What is the normal range of direct bilirubin?

A

0.3-1.1 mg/dL

23
Q

What is the normal range of indirect bilirubin?

A

0.1-0.4 mg/dL

24
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Enzyme produced by the liver

25
Q

What is elevated levels of prothrombin time associated with? (4)

A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Malignancy
  3. Malabsorption of vitamin K
  4. Clotting failure
26
Q

What does prothrombin time decrease with? (5)

A
  1. Subacute or acute cholecystitis
  2. Internal biliary fistula
  3. Carcinoma of the GB
  4. Biliary duct injury
  5. Prolonged extrahepatic biliary obstruction
27
Q

What is the normal clotting time?

A

10-15 seconds

28
Q

What is prothrombin time dependent on?

A

Vitamin K

29
Q

What does a decrease in serum albumin suggest?

A

A decrease in protein synthesis

30
Q

What is the normal range of serum albumin?

A

3.3-5.2 g/dL

Abdomen Review (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions