Abdominal Vasculature - Part 4

Question 1

What is the diameter for the IVC?

Answer 1

2.5-3.5cm

Question 2

What is the diameter for the hepatic veins?

Answer 2

4-6mm

Question 3

What is the diameter for the portal veins?

Answer 3

13mm

Question 4

What is the diameter for the splenic vein?

Answer 4

4-6mm

Question 5

What is the diameter for the SMV?

Answer 5

6-7mm

Question 6

What is the diameter for the renal veins?

Answer 6

4-6mm

Question 7

What do arteries and arterioles do?

Answer 7

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 8

What do veins and venules do?

Answer 8

Carry blood toward the heart

Question 9

What do capillaries do? (2)

Answer 9

1. Connect the arterioles and venules together

2. Site of exchange for nutrients and waste

Question 10

What does valves in the extremity veins do?

Answer 10

Provide unidirectional flow

Question 11

Ectasia

Answer 11

Diffusion dilation of the aorta less than 50% of normal aorta diameter

Question 12

Annuloartic ectasia

Answer 12

Dilatation of an enlargement of the ascending aorta

- the arctic annulus and/or loss of function of the aorta

Question 13

What age group is ectasia common in?

Answer 13

60 years of age

Question 14

Atherosclerosis

Answer 14

A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaque of fatty material on the inner walls
- plaque develops and narrows the arterial lumen

Question 15

What is atherosclerosis the most common cause of?

Answer 15

Vascular disease

Question 16

What kind of plaque accumulates in atherosclerosis?

Answer 16

Low density lipoproteins

Question 17

What happens to the blood flow with atherosclerosis?

Answer 17

Decrease in blood flow to target organs

Question 18

What can atherosclerosis contribute to? (3)

Answer 18

1. Aortic aneurysms AAA
2. Renal artery disease
3. Mesenteric artery disease

Question 19

What is the most common disease that atherosclerosis contributes to?

Answer 19

Aortic aneurysms AAA

- vascular disease

Question 20

How much does atherosclerosis account for in AAA?

Answer 20

90%

Question 21

Aneurysm

Answer 21

Abnormal dilations of arteries caused by weakening of the arterial wall

Question 22

AAA

Answer 22

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 23

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 23

Dilation of the aorta more than one and a half times its normal diameter at the level of the renal

Question 24

What happens with true aneurysms?

Answer 24

All three walls are affected

Question 25

Where is the most common location for an AAA?

Answer 25

Infrarenal aneurysm

Question 26

What are the 4 types of aneurysms?

Answer 26

1. Fusiform
2. Saccular
3. Pseudoaneurysm
4. Dissection

Question 27

Fusiform

Answer 27

All of the walls are dilated equally

- dilatation that spans a larger length of the vessel

Question 28

Saccular

Answer 28

Out pouching on one side

- disruption of the vessel wall

Question 29

Which type of aneurysm is more likely to rupture? Why? (2)

Answer 29

1. Saccular
2. Due to increase in pressure on one side
   - more dangerous but less common

Question 30

Pseudoaneurysm

Answer 30

Swelling of the arterial wall that is caused by a small hole/disruption in the arterial wall
- a blood filled cavity from outside the vessel wall and seals the leak as it thromboses

Question 31

What is a pseudoaneurysm a result of?

Answer 31

Communication between the arterial lumen and the overlying connective tissue resulting from arterial rupture

Question 32

What is another term for pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 32

False aneurysm

Question 33

What sign is affiliated with a pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 33

Ying-yang

Question 34

Ying-yang sign

Answer 34

Swirling blood effect within an aneurysm/one side of the aneurysm travels in one direction and the other side travels in the other direction