liver & pancreas Flashcards
what is the pancreas?
dual purpose gland endocrine: islets of Langerhans hormones: -insulin, glucagon, somatostatin exocrine: -99% -digestive enzymes -bicarbonate ions
what digestive enzymes are produced?
amylase -digest starch lipase- digest fat trypsin, chymotrypsin -digest protein nucleases -digest nucleic acid
what does bicarbonate do?
from ducts
neutralises gastic acid from duodenum
what are the anatomical components of the pancreas?
head
neck
body
tail
where does the pancreas attach to the duodenum?
major duodenal papilla
what are the cells of the islets of langerhan?
alpha (15%) - glucagon
beta (80%) - insulin
delta - somatostatin
-slows gut motility
what is cystic fibrosis?
exocrine abnormal, thick secretions damage to lungs, liver, pancreas destruction of primarily exocrine pancreas -reduced digestive function -malabsorption -steatorrhea can affect salivary glands
describe pancreatic cancer
head
biliary obstruction
obstructive jaundice
early metastasis
what are the functions of the liver?
metabolism -material absorbed from GIT -storage of glycogen -release of glucose protein synthesis inactivation hormones,drugs excretion of waste produces bile prod. blood clotting factors
which lobe of the liver is larger?
right
describe the biliary system
liver cells (hepatocytes) produce bile
bile contains:
-lipid emulsifiers (bile salts)
-waste products including bile pigments (bilirubin)
stored & concentrated in gall bladder
describe the hepatic portal vein
drains unpaired abdominal organs almost all material absorbed from GIT -enters HPV -passes through liver -processed
what are the 2 sources of blood for the liver?
hepatic artery
-comes from coeliac trunk
hepatic portal vein
describe the livers blood supply
blood from hepatic artery & HPV flows past hepatocytes in large capillaries(sinusoids)
sinusoids drain to hepatic vein
bile flows in opp. direction
what is the portal triad?
portal vein
hepatic artery
bile canaliculus
