alimentary controls

Question 1

what type of nerves control the alimentary system?

Answer 1

somatic
-sensory
-motor
autonomic
-sympathetic
-parasympathetic

Question 2

what GIT hormones control the alimentary system?

Answer 2

CCK
gastrin
gastric inhibitory peptide
secretin

Question 3

describe the extent of controls

Answer 3

stomach -> SI
=hormonal
oral cavity
=somatic
middle organs
=autonomic
anal canal 
=somatic

Question 4

how does secretion occur in the mouth and pharynx?

Answer 4

saliva

Question 5

how does motility occur in the mouth & pharynx?

Answer 5

chewing & swallowing

Question 6

how does saliva secretion occur?

Answer 6

chemical
-taste and small
mechanica
-chewing
-loading PDL

Question 7

which describe saliva secretion stimulus in terms of size of effect

Answer 7

chemical
mechanical
olfactory
visual

Question 8

how does chewing occur?

Answer 8

jaw, facial, tongue muscles
skeletal- somatic nerve control
voluntary- CN V, VII, XII

Question 9

how does swallowing occur?

Answer 9

jaw, tongue, pharyngeal muscles
skeletal
voluntary CN V, IX, X, XII

Question 10

describe control occur in the oesophagus?

Answer 10

mix of skeletal & SM

control CNX

Question 11

what is secreted in the stomach?

Answer 11

gastric juice

Question 12

describe motility in the stomach

Answer 12

filing, relaxation
mixing
propulsive: peristalsis
emptying

Question 13

describe the cephalic phase

Answer 13

mechanical-chewing
chemical-taste, smell
psychic- visual, emotional
nerves -long reflex

Question 14

describe the gastric phase

Answer 14

mechanical-distension
chemical-food in stomach
nerves-long & short reflex
hormone-gastrin

Question 15

describe the intestinal phase

Answer 15

mechanical-distension
chemical-acid, protein in duodenum
nerves-long & short reflexes
hormones-GIP, secretin
slow gastric emptying

Question 16

what is secreted in the SI?

Answer 16

intestinal juice-from pancres

Question 17

describe motility in the SI

Answer 17

mixing
villus movements
segmentation contractions
peristalsis

Question 18

describe nerve control of the SI

Answer 18

local nerves in response to intra-luminal stimuli

Question 19

describe bicarbonate (hormonal) in the pancreas

Answer 19

intestinal phase
secretin
-released from duodenum in response to acid
-stimulates secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice
CCK & VIP
-weak stimulatory effect on bicarb secretion

Question 20

describe enzyme (hormonal) in the pancreas

Answer 20

intestinal phase
CCK
-released from duodenum in response to fat & protein
-stimulates secretion of enzyme rich pancreatic juice
gastrin and GIP
-weak stimulatory effect on enzyme secretions

Question 21

describe the secretion of bile

Answer 21

cephalic phase
-vagus nerve
-relaxation of oddi(vagus)
intestinal phaseCCK
-released from duodenum in response to fat & protein
-stimulates contraction of gall bladder
-relaxation of sphincter of oddi
secretin
-weaker effect

Question 22

what is secreted in the LI and rectum?

Answer 22

mucus

some water & electrolytes

Question 23

describe motility in the LI

Answer 23

mixing
mass movements
defaecation

Question 24

describe neuronal control in the large bowel

Answer 24

local reflexes triggered by food entering the stomach
-increased motility in intestines
gastro-ileal reflex
-gastric activity increased motility on ileum
gastro-colic reflex
-gastric activity increased motility on colon

Question 25

describe nerve control in the large intestine and rectum

Answer 25

ANS
vagus: to splenic flexure
pelvic nerves S2-4

Question 26

describe nerve control in the anal canal

Answer 26

ANS of internal sphincter
voluntary of externa
somatic nerves