Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Gastrointestinal System 2023 > Liver Lesions > Flashcards

Liver Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Which lesions in the liver are benign?

A
  • Haemangioma
  • Focal nodular hyperplasia
  • Adenoma
  • Liver cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which lesions, found in the liver, may be malignant?

A
  • Primary liver cancers e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Metastases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common liver tumour?

A

Haemangioma

This is benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gender is affected more often by haemangioma?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How may a haemangioma be diagnosed and what is suitable treatment?

A
  • Ultrasound
  • CT
  • MRI

No treatment needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

Formation of benign nodes in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which symptoms are associated with focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

It is usually an asymptomatic condition

However, minimal pain may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia is a malignant condition

True or false?

A

False

It is benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is focal nodular hyperplasia diagnosed?

A
  • Ultrasound
  • CT
  • MRI
  • Fine needle aspiration (for cells)

This is a benign condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

No treatment

It is a benign condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepatic adenoma is a benign condition, but where may pain be felt?

A

RUQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hepatic adenoma is associated with what?

A

Contraceptive hormones and anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In patients with hepatic adenoma, how does the treatment vary between males and females?

A

Males - always surgically removed regardless of size - males have a higher risk of the tumour becoming malignant

Females - if it is <5cm it is not removed, if it is >5cm or increasing in size it is surgically removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes hyatid cysts?

A

Tapeworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a diagnosis of an hyatid cyst made?

A

History

Appearance

Serological testing - presence of anti-Echinococcus antibodies (antibodies against the worm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which medication is used for patients with hyatid cysts?

A

Albendazole

(used for many parasitic infections)

17
Q

As well as albendazole, what other treatment options are available for patients with hyatid cysts?

A
  • Surgery
  • Percutaneous drainage
18
Q

What are the three types of polycystic liver disease?

A
  1. Von Meyenburg complexes (VMC)
  2. Polycystic liver disease
  3. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
19
Q

Which type of polycystic liver disease causes a potentially massive hepatic enlargement?

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

20
Q

Which clinical findings would be present for a liver abscess?

A
  • High fever
  • Leukocytosis (high WCC)
  • Abdominal pain
  • Complex liver lesion
21
Q

A dental procedure may lead to which benign liver condition?

A

Liver abscess

22
Q

How can a liver abscess be managed and treated?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics initially

Aspiration or drainage

ECG

Operation

4 week antibiotic therapy with repeat imaging to assess progress

23
Q

What is the most common primary liver cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

24
Q

What are the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Cirrhosis from any cause e.g.

  • Hep B/C
  • Alcohol
  • Aflatoxin
  • Others
25
Q

What are the signs of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Weight loss

RUQ pain

Acute liver failure

Cirrhosis

Hard RUQ mass

Liver bruit (rare)

26
Q

In order to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma which is the modality of choice and why?

A

Imaging

Small lesions may not elevate AFP

27
Q

In terms of diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma, AFP elevation is not enough alone, what else is required?

A

Imaging modality technique

US, CT, MRI

28
Q

What is the best treatment available for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Liver transplantation

Only done when tumour <5cm or less than 3 tumours <3cm each

29
Q

When would resection be a viable treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

When there are small tumours and preserve liver function

Reccurence rate is high

30
Q

When would local ablation be used for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

When patients cannot undergo surgery

This is merely palliative and not curative

31
Q

What is the most common site for blood borne metastases?

A

Liver

32
Q

Besides hepatocellular carinoma, what other types of malignant lesions can affect the liver?

A
  • Fibrolamellar carcinoma - young age, no relation to cirrhosis
  • Hepatoblastoma

The Gastrointestinal System 2023 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions