Liver Disease Flashcards
five causes of liver disease
d_____ or t_____ i______
i______
f______ h______ l______
n_______
c_______ p______ s______
drug or toxin induced
infectious
feline hepatic lipidosis
neoplastic
congenital portosystemic shunts
at what percent dose acute liver failure happen
70-80%
three increased serum chemistry results for acute liver disease
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
total bilirubin
two nutraceuticals for liver disease
milk thistle
denamarin
two causes of chronic liver disease
NSAIDs
antifungals
major sign of chronic liver disease
ascites
two additional serum chemistry results for chronic liver disease
hypoalbuminemia
hypocholesterolemia
(as well as acute results)
what causes infectious hepatitis
adenovirus 1
three significant signs of infectious hepatitis
p_____ h______
h_______
b______ d______
petechial hemorrhage
hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
bloody diarrhea
three CBC results with infectious hepatitis
neutropenia
lymphopenia
thrombocytopenia
how can infectious hepatitis be prevented
vaccination for adenovirus 1
what two diseases can leptospirosis cause
acute renal and hepatic disease
what can be the end result of leptospirosis
peracute shock and death!
treatment and diagnosis of leptospirosis is ______
expensive
two antibiotics that can be used as attempted treatment for leptospirosis
penicillin
doxycycline
what two things will CBC show with leptospirosis
leukocytosis
thrombocytopenia
what three things will serum chemistry show with leptospirosis
elevated BUN
elevated creatinine
elevated ALT
bilirubinuria (bilirubin in urine)
what is important to do with patients with leptospirosis
ISOLATE - zoonotic and very contagious to other dogs that are unvaccinated!
what species is cholangiohepatitis most common in
cats - specifically Persians
inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder, and surrounding liver tissue
Cholangiohepatitis
what does the bile duct inflammation with Cholangiohepatitis lead to
hepatitis
two things on CBC with Cholangiohepatitis
neutrophilia with left shift
mild, regenerative anemia
four treatment options for Cholangiohepatitis
a_______
p_______
f_______
n_______
antibiotics
prednisone
fluids
nutritional
prognosis for Cholangiohepatitis
variable
another name for feline hepatic lipidosis
fatty liver
Most common hepatopathy seen in cats
feline hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver)
what kind of cats is feline hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) most common in
older, obese cats
what causes feline hepatic lipidosis and what does it do to the liver
anorexia for 2 weeks (maybe even less)
breakdown of fat accumulates in the liver because they aren’t eating and the body is trying to use fat for energy
treatment for feline hepatic lipidosis
get them to eat, use a feeding tube
primary carcinomas from hepatocytes usually effect what species
dogs
primary carcinomas from biliary epithelium usually effect what species
cats
the portosystemic shunts allow vascular communication from _____ blood to _____ blood
portal
systemic
what does the congenital bypass of the portosystemic shunt do to toxins
toxins from GI bypass liver and go to brain, causing hepatic encephalopathy
a reversible syndrome observed in patients with advanced liver dysfunction
hepatic encephalopathy
which species is single intrahepatic PSS most common in
large breed dogs
which species is single extrahepatic PSS most common in
cats and small breed dogs
two important clinical signs of congenital portosystemic shunt
head press
seizures
when will clinical signs be worse with congenital portosystemic shunt
after a high protein meal
what does congenital portosystemic shunt cause in animals
stunted growth - avoid getting runts as pets!
treatment option for congenital portosystemic shunt
ligate shunt - expensive and needs to be done by a specialty clinic
