Adrenal Gland Disease Flashcards
two regions of the adrenal gland
medullary (central area)
cortical (outer area)
two hormones produced by the medullary area of the adrenal gland
epinephrine
norepinephrine
three hormones produced by the cortical area of the adrenal gland
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgenic hormones
which adrenal hormone:
Promote gluconeogenesis, suppress Inflammation, suppress Immune system , inhibit cartilage growth
glucocorticoid > cortisol
which adrenal hormone:
regulates electrolytes
mineralocorticoid > aldosterone
disease caused by Low Glucocorticoid and/or Mineralocorticoid
canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease)
what is Addison’s disease often mistaken for
chronic GI disease
what will the Na:K ratio be less than in patients with Addison’s
27:1
what test provides a definitive diagnosis for Addison’s and Cushing’s
ACTH Stimulation test
what does a positive result for Addison’s show with ACTH stimulation test show
pre and post test cortisol levels will be low and unchanged
what does a positive result for Cushing’s show with ACTH stimulation test show
pre and post test cortisol levels will be high
what treatment is used for acute crisis management of Addison’s
aggressive isotonic saline fluid therapy
two treatments used for chronic managements of Addison’s
supplemental glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy
lack of which corticosteroid is life threatening
mineralocorticoid
Resulting from excessive production of Cortisol by adrenal cortex
Canine hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s syndrome)
three causes of Cushing’s
excess production of _____ by the _____ gland
functional _____ of the ______ _____
______ cause from chronic ______ use
excess production of ACTH by the pituitary gland
functional tumor of the adrenal cortex
iatrogenic cause from chronic prednisone use
what age dogs does Cushing’s usually effect
older dogs
four significant clinical signs of Cushing’s
p______
s______ a______
a______ and p______
c________ c_______
PU/PD
saggy abdomen
alopecia and pruritis
calcinosis cutis (plaques with a gritty rough surface which may be quite itchy)
additional test to confirm Cushing’s vs adrenal tumor
Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test
Cushing’s is a _____ disease, that requires _____ ______ therapy, is ______ and has a _____ life expectancy
serious
life long
expensive
short (1.5 to 2.5 years)
