Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards
Deviation from the normal heart rate or rhythm or rhythms originating from abnormal location
cardiac arrhythmias
arrhythmias originate from what two abnormalities within cardiac muscle fibers
abnormal impulse formation
abnormal impulse conduction
reasons why altered impulse formation occur
i_______
h__________
c__________
h__________
excess c_________
r________ i_________
ischemia
hypocalcemia
cardiomyopathy
hypercalcemia
excess catecholamines
reperfusion injury
conduction disturbances occur when _______ _______ develop for __________ of cardiac muscle
alternate pathways
depolarization
diagnosis for cardiac arrhythmias
ECG
which wave:
depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
P wave
which wave:
delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles
PR interval
which wave:
depolarization of ventricles, triggers main pumping contractions
QRS complex
which wave:
beginning of ventricle repolarization, should be flat
ST segment
which wave:
ventricular repolarization
T wave
what does supraventricular arrhythmia mean
begins above the ventricle
three types of supraventricular arrhythmias
s________ t_________
a_______ p_______ c_________
a________ f________
supraventricular tachycardia
atrial premature contractions
atrial fibrillation
what percentage of cerebral blood flow is reduced with supraventricular tachycardia
14%
what percentage of cerebral blood flow is reduced with atrial fibrillation
23%
what kind of dog breeds does atrial fibrillation normally effect
large breed dogs
rapid, irregular heart beat
atrial fibrillation
with atrial fibrillation there is a loss of which waves
P waves
treatment for atrial fibrillation
slow the heart rate but won’t correct the atrial fibrilation
two medication types used to treat atrial fibrillation
glycosides (Digoxin)
calcium channel blockers (Diltiazem)
what will eventually develop with atrial fibrillation
congestive heart failure
what percentage of cerebral blood flow is reduced by ventricular tachycardia
40-75%
what kind of dogs breed are more commonly effected by ventricular tachycardia
large breeds
clinical symptoms of ventricular tachycardia
w_________
c__________
s_________
weakness
collapse
syncope
what do the waves show with ventricular tachycardia
QRS kicks and does not allow P wave
two medication treatments for ventricular tachycardia
Procainamide
Lidocaine
what will develop with ventricular tachycardia
congestive heart failure
what is the prognosis for ventricular tachycardia
poor
medication treatment for ventricular premature contractions
lidocaine
what does the wave show with ventricular fibrillation
lack of defined QRS
treatment for ventricular fibrillation
life threatening - DEFIBRILLATION!
what species are sinus arrhythmias normal in
dogs
in sinus arrhythmias, the breathing pattern is altered by what
vagal nerve tone
which species is sinus bradycardia seen in
large breed, athletic dogs
what is the heart rate of patients with sinus bradycardia
less than 70 beats/min
pathogenic conditions that can cause sinus bradycardia
i_______ p________
h________
g_____ d_______
d______
h_________
intracranial pressure
hypothyroid
GI disturbances
drugs
hyperkalemia
what is the treatment for sinus bradycardia if there are clinical signs
atropine
