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Module 4 > Liver Clinical Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Clinical Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of liver

A 
Metabolism 
Bile production and store 
Drug metabolism
Detoxification 
Removal of waste
Ion transfer
Synthesis of coagulation and proteins
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2
Q

What are the 2 ways of measuring liver disease

A

Liver damage
- enzyme

Liver function

  • bile acids
  • bilirubin
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3
Q

What are the 2 categories of liver enzymes

A

Hepatic

Induced(biliary)

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4
Q

What are the 4 hepatic enzymes

A

Alanine amino transferase (ALT)

Aspartate amino transferase (AST)

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)

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5
Q

What are the 2 induced enzymes

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Gamma glutamyl transferase GGT

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6
Q

Alanine amino transferase

A

Cytosol
Small animals
Mainly in liver

Magnitude reflects hepatocytes affected

Doesn’t distinguish between reversible and irreversible

May regenerate so inaccurate

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7
Q

Aspartate amino transferase

A

Cytosol and mitochondrial

Liver cardiac and skeletal and RBC

Therefore may not be hepatic damage when raised

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8
Q

Sorbitol dehydrogenase

A

Large animals

Cytosol

Unstable in vitro

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9
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase

A

Cytosol

Sensitive to injury

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10
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

Membrane bound

Hepatocytes and biliary epithelium cells

Isoenzymes

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11
Q

What Isoenzymes are associated with alkaline phosphatase - structures

A 
Hepatic
Intestinal 
Bone
Placenta 
Corticosteroids
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12
Q

What causes increased ALP

A

Cholestasis
Drug - corticosteroids
Bone remodelling

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13
Q

What are some species considerations fro ALP (5)

A

Dogs = corticosteroids
Cats = little produces
= short half life

Associated with hyperthyroidism
Large range in large animals

Young dogs

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14
Q

Gamma glutamyl transferase

A

Membrane bound

Renal and biliary

Cholestasis renal disease

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15
Q

Prehepatic
hyperbilirubinemia

= lots of bilirubin produced

Why

A

Haemolytic

BILIRUBEN overwhelms

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16
Q

Hepatic bilirubinemia

A

Unable to take up bilirubin

Cholestasis
Swelling compresses
Or lesion

Anorexic horses
Decrease in functional hepatocytes

17
Q

Post hepatic hyperbilirubinemia

A

Obstruction

Can’t excrete

Gallstones
Cancer
Paradise

18
Q

What causes high bile acid levels (3)

A

Liver damage
Portosystemic shunt

Cholestasis

19
Q

Other parameters

A 
Urea 
Ammonia - unstable 
Albumin and globin 
Clotting factors 
Glucose
20
Q

Blood tubes

A 
Clotted 
Sodium citrate - biochem 
Serum gel - biochem 
Heparin - biochem 
EDTA - blood 
Fluoride oxalate - glucose

Module 4 (5 decks)

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