Liver And Pancreas

Question 1

Effects of blockage to the Portal Vein.

Answer 1

• Back Pressure
• Blockage of return blood from spleen and intestines
• Increase Capillary Pressure in intestinal wall
  ——> Death

Question 2

Insulin molecules are held together by what?

Answer 2

Disulfide bonds

Question 3

Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 3

• Obesity
• Insulin resistance
• Hyperglycemia (Fasting)
• Decreased HDL levels
• HTN

Question 4

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 4

• NIDDM
• Due to insulin resistance
• Obesity is a major risk factor
• Preceded by metabolic syndrome (Pre-Diabetes)

Question 5

Bilirubin formation

Answer 5

1. Hb released by damaged RBCs
2. HB —-> Heme + Globin
3. Heme —> Biliverdin
   (By Heme Oxygenase)
4. Biliverdin ——> Bilirubin

Question 6

Negative Effects of Increased Blood Glucose Levels

Answer 6

1. Increased osm pressure in ECF
2. Loss of Glucose in urine
3. Osmotic Diuresis
4. Damage to tissues and blood vessels

Question 7

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 7

• IDDM
• Lack of Insulin secretion
• Injury to Beta cells

Question 8

Major Types of Islet cells on the Pancreas

Answer 8

1. Alpha
   - Secrete glucagon
   - 25% of total cells
2. Beta
   - Secrete insulin
   - Inhibits glucagon
   - 60% of total cells
3. Delta
   - Secrete somatostatin
   - Inhibits Insulin, glucagon and gastrin
   - 15% of total cells

Question 9

What is one of the most important fxn roles of insulin?

Answer 9

To control from moment to moment whether FAT (dec. insulin) or CARBS (inc. insulin) will be used by cells for ENERGY

Question 10

Effects of cirrhosis on the blood flow?

Answer 10

Increases blood resistance to blood flow