Energy Balance And Metabolism 1 Flashcards
ATP ——> ADP + Pi
- Delta G in space
- Delta G in the body
- -7300cal/mol
- -12000cal/mol
- Higher temp allows for more energy to be burned
Exergonic vs Endergonic rxn
Ex:
- Negative Delta G
- Energy is being consumed
En:
- Positive Delta G
- Energy is being released
Characteristics of ΔG?
- Standard Free energy difference
- Diff in energy when 1 mol of reactant is converted to 1 mol of product at 25 degrees C
What becomes the final COMMON pathway for the transport of almost all the carbs to the tissue cell?
Glucose
T/F: ATP is a stable molecule
False
- It is unstable and fragile
Fate of H+ in OxPhos
- H+ moved in Pairs
- One will become a H+ ion (Proton)
- The other will be added to NAD+ —> NADH
Efficiency of burning Calories
~ 66%
What increases Glucose transportation? By how much?
- Insulin
- 10x
Main purpose for the PPP?
Synthesis of Fats
Effects of phosphotylase
- Promotes conversion of GLYCOGEN to GLUCOSE
- Glucose can then be released into the blood.
LDLs Vs HDLs
LDLs
- Bad
- [High] of Cholesterol
HDLs
- Good
- Have less Cholesterol
- [High] of TG
Fats that enter the Lymph are categorized as what? Where do they enter?
- Chylomicrons
2. Through Lacteals
What are the End products of Glycolysis?
- Pyruvate (2x)
- Hydrogen (4x)
- ATP (2Net, 4Total)
What is used as a carrier into the Mitochondria for fats?
Carnitine
End Products of the TCA
- H+ (16x)
- ATP (2x)
- CO2 (4x)
What conditions increase the utilization for Fat as energy?
- Starvation
2. Diabetes Mellitus
Total #ATP Formed from glucose
- 38 Total *
1. 2 from glycolysis
2. 2 from TCA
3. 34 from OxPhos
Uptake of Glucose in the GI and renal tubules occurs via what mechanism?
- Na+/Glucose CO-Transporter
- ACTIVE transport of Na+ provides the energy for absorbing glucose against a [ ] gradient
Uptake of Glucose in most tissues occurs via what mechanism?
Facilitated transport
- Only transported from [Higher] to [Lower]
Where are fats removed from the blood?
- Adipose
- Skeletal Muscle
- Heart
What monosaccharides are all hexoses and interconvertible?
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
Besides fructose, what Monosaccharides can be converted to F6P pathway and enter the Glycolytic pathway?
Glucose and Galactose
In the PPP where are H+ usually bound?
NADP+
- Instead of NAD+
Factors that can activate Phosphorylase
- Epinephrine
- Glucagon
Conditions favoring ketosis?
- Starvation
- Diabetes
- High Fat diet
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
In the Mitochondrial MATRIX
Major components of the ETC
- Flavoproteins
- Iron Sulfide Proteins
- Ubiquinone (Q)
- Cytochrome A3 (Oxidase)
What is the link b/w Energy production and utilization?
ATP
What prevents Glucose from diffusing out of the cell? Where can this be reversed?
- Phosphorylation
- Can be reversed in the:
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Intestine
End products of Pyruvic Acid ——> Acetyl-CoA
- 3C ——> 2C *
1. ACoA (2x)
2. H+ (4x)
3. CO2 (2x)
