Liver

Question 1

bile billy and ammonia

Answer 1

Bile salts aid in digestion by making cholesterol, fats, and fat-soluble vitamins easier to absorb from the intestine. Bilirubin is the main pigment in bile. Bilirubin is a waste product that is formed from hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood) and is excreted in bile.
Ammonia is protein breakdown that turns into urea in the liver and leaves

Question 2

Acute liver failure causes

Answer 2

Acetaminophen and alcohol
Hep B
NSAIDS, Ionized TB drug, sulf drugs, anticonvulsants

Question 3

ALD definition and Death complications

Answer 3

RAPID acute onset with hepatic encephalopathy without previous cirosis
Cerebral edema, herniation, brainstem compression

Question 4

Manifestations of ALF

Answer 4

Rapid onset of severe dysfunction, Cognitive decline (FIRST), Jaundice, Ascites, Coag abnormalities-DIC and bleeding
GI bleeding, Fever with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypovolemia, Algeria, azotemia, increased urea and nitrogen in blood, edema, hypoglycemia, bacterial infection
respiratory failure
Metabolic acidosis, sepsis, organ failure

Question 5

Treatment of ALF

Answer 5

Liver transplant, monitor hemodynamic status, tx amonia

HOB at 30, avoid stimulation, no pressure-valsalva

Question 6

LAbs for ALF

Answer 6

Bilirubin, pt time, Enzymes, glucose, CBC. d dim, hand h platelet, tox levels, serum c, a antitryps, iron, ammonia, autoantibodies, acid base

Question 7

Imaging for ALF

Answer 7

CT and MRI

Question 8

Nursing care for ALF

Answer 8

Neuro Checks-ICP- Widening BP, Irregular respirations, bradycardia
Seizure precautions
avoid sedatives
skin and oral checks- fluids for kidneys
no aminoglycosides or NSAIDS
Hemodynamic, kid, glucose, electrolyes, acid base checks
Is and Os
Bleeding risks