cancer and heme important Flashcards
What are protoncogogenes 4
Genes that regulate cell growth but can become unlocked from carcinogens or oncogenetic viruses
once they become unlocked they work like oncogenes-tumor inducing
this means the ability and properties that the cell had in fetal development are now active
it is immature, dedifferentiated, change from normal to make
and can make new proteins
Oncogene proteins
are located?
2 ex
and one more thing they produce
Located on the cell membrane
in blood tests
CEA and Fetalprot
produce hormones
What are tumor decreasing genes
What happens to them during cancer
Two examples and about them
They regulate growth by not letting cells go through the cell cycle
Are mutated or turned off
BRAC1 and BRAC 2 have inherited mutations for breast and cervical cancer
What is ACP gene
Tumor suppressor gene that can have a Family mutation gene for adenomatous
polyposis- colorectal cancer
CEP
FP
Carcenoembryonic antigen is a tumor cell protein
Alpha fetoprotein
What do cytotoxic t cells do
Produce cytokine, interleukin 2 y interferon- stimulates other t interleukin cells
Monocytes
Release other cytokines, tumor necrosis factor
and colony stimulating factor- work on bone marrow to stimulate WBC
What are the oncofetal antigens and how do we use them what are they 2
Tumor antigens from cell in the fetal state
use them as tumor markers
CEA and AFP
Autonomic what is it? Epithelial connective nervous lymph plasma bone marrow
name that tumor. It is identified by the tissue of origin and behavior (benign or mal) b then m Epithelial- oma carcinoma connective oma sarcoma nervous oma and oma lymph NA Hodg/nonhodg plasma NA Multiple myeloma bone marrow NA lymphocyte, myelogenous, leukemia
What is histologic grading
1-4 and x low to high looks to see how closely it resembles the tissue it is from
1- Mild dysplasia and well differentiated
2- Calls are more abnormal mod dys and diff
3 very abnormal severe dys and poorly diff
4. cells are immature, primitive, undefined- hard to tell what tissue it came from
x-Can’t be assessed
Cancer staging
and what we don’t use this for
0-4 use to show size, location, extent of spread, helps determine prognosis and tx
0-Cancer in situ
1-Tissue of origin-localized tumor growth
2-Limited local spread
3-Extensive local and regional spread
4- metastasis
Leukemia and blood
One thing about raditaion
CAn be PO attached to antibodies and attach to cell
What is immunotherapy
aka
what do they do
drugs?
Uses the bodies immune system
biological therapy
boost, or attack cancer using cytokines, vaccines, monocolonal antibodies-specific to antibodies mab drugs
What is targeted therapy
EFGR?
One thing about target
interferes by targeting growth
it is specific
Transmembrane molecule that activates tyrosine kinase over expression of EFGR= unregulated cell growth we want drugs to inhibit EFGR. It is associated with high mortality
Works best with chemo to prevent resistance
Side effects of immunotherapy and target 4
Flu-like- fluids
Tachy and ortho
Capillary leak-pulm edema and edema
CNS, organ issues
