Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Facts > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Cirrhosis histo

A

diffuse bridging fibrosis (via stellate cells) and regenerative nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cirrhosis Etiologies include

A 
1 alcohol (60–70% of cases in the US), 
2 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, 
3 chronic viral hepatitis, 
4 autoimmune hepatitis, 
5 biliary disease, 
6 genetic/metabolic disorders.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Portal hypertension 3 Etiologies

A 
1 cirrhosis (most common cause in Western countries), 
2 vascular obstruction (eg, portal vein thrombosis, Budd- Chiari syndrome), 
3 schistosomiasis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cirrhosis 4 sxs Integumentary

A

Jaundice
Spider angiomas
Palmar erythema
Purpura Petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cirrhosis 2 sxs Neurologic

A
  1. Hepatic encephalopathy

2. Asterixis (”flapping tremor”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cirrhosis 5 sxs GI

A 
Anorexia
Nausea, 
vomiting 
Dull abdominal pain 
Fetor hepaticus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fetor hepaticus

A

breath has a strong, musty smell. It’s a sign that your liver is having trouble doing its job of filtering out toxic substances, usually due to severe liver disease. As a result, sulfur substances end up in your bloodstream and can make their way to your lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cirrhosis 3 sxs Hematologic

A

Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Coagulation disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolic Cirrhosis 2 sxs

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cardiovascular Cirrhosis 2 sxs

A

Cardiomyopathy

Peripheral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reproductive Cirrhosis sxs. in men v women

A

Testicular atrophy
Gynecomastia
Amenorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cirrhosis swelling 4 sxs

A

Splenomegaly
Caput medusae
Ascites
Anorectal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 bleeding Effects of Portal HTN

A

Esophageal varices = hematemesis

Gastric varices = melena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AST > ALT in nonalcoholic liver disease suggests progression to

A

advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alkaline phosphatase v GGT

A

both incr in biliary obstruction

Alk phos only incr. in bone dz.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alkaline phosphatase or GGT assoc. w/ ETOH use?

A

GGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bilirubin incr in which 3 liver diseases

A

biliary obstruction, alcoholic or viral hepatitis, cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why plts. decr. in liver dz.?

A

decr. thrombopoietin, liver sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

portal hypertension-why plts decr?

A

portal hypertension (splenomegaly/splenic sequestration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fatal childhood hepatic encephalopathy

A

Reye syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reye syndrome 4 symptoms?

A

hypoglycemia,
vomiting,
hepatomegaly,
coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reye syndrome occurs with which 2 viral infections?

A

Associated with viral infection (especially VZV and influenza B) that has been treated with aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Avoid aspirin in children, except in those with

A

Kawasaki disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Reye syndrome MOA

A

inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hepatic steatosis from ETOH path changes?
Macrovesicular fatty change
26
Mallory bodies
Alcoholic hepatitis
27
Alcoholic hepatitis change to hepatocytes
Swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic infiltration.
28
Is any cirrhosis reversible?
No
29
Sxs. | of chronic liver disease
jaundice, hypoalbuminemia).
30
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to
cirrhosis and HCC
31
Hepatic encephalopathy with cirrhosis due to decreased metabolism of?
NH3=Ammonia
32
Tx. of hepatic enceph.?
lactulose--incr. NH4=Ammonium production
33
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with which virus?
Hep B virus
34
7 Causes of Cirrhosis?
1. HBV 2. HCV, 3. alcoholic and 4. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 5. autoimmune disease, 6. hemochromatosis, 7. α1-antitrypsin deficiency
35
Carcinogen causes HCC
aflatoxin | from Aspergillus
36
Cause of Budd-Chiari | syndrome.
HCC
37
5 HCC Sxs.
1. jaundice, 2. tender hepatomegaly, 3. ascites, 4. polycythemia, 5. anorexia.
38
Diagnosis: HCC
1. α-fetoprotein; 2. ultrasound or contrast CT/MRI B , 3. biopsy
39
Cavernous hemangioma is a
benign liver tumor
40
Contraindicated in Cavernous hemangioma why?
because of risk of hemorrhage.
41
Benign liver tumor, often related to oral contraceptive or anabolic steroid use
Hepatic adenoma
42
Hepatic adenoma due to what in men v women?
Women-OCP | Men-Steroid
43
Malignant Liver tumor of endothelial origin
Angiosarcoma
44
Angiosarcoma due to exposure to what 3 ?
exposure to arsenic, vinyl chloride.
45
Budd-Chiari syndrome sxs
congestive liver disease (hepatomegaly, ascites, varices, abdominal pain, liver failure
46
Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with what 4 situations/dzs.?
hypercoagulable states, polycythemia vera, postpartum state, HCC
47
nutmeg liver (mottled appearance
Budd-Chiari
48
cirrhosis with | PAS ⊕ globules A in liver
alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
49
Emphysemia in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency due to?
In lungs, decreased α1-antitrypsin->uninhibited elastase in alveoli, decreased elastic tissue-->panacinar emphysema.
50
Unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia
1. Hemolytic, physiologic (newborns), 2. Crigler-Najjar, 3. Gilbert syndrome.
51
Conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia due to what kind of dzs.?
1. Biliary tract obstruction 2. Biliary tract disease 3. Excretion defect
52
Biliary tract obstruction--5 types
gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic or liver cancer, liver fluke.
53
Mixed (direct | and indirect) hyperbilirubinemia in what 2 conditions
Hepatitis, cirrhosis.
54
Physiologic neonatal jaundice resolves when?
resolves without treatment in 1–2 weeks.
55
At birth, immature UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Physiologic neonatal jaundice
56
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion 2 dzs
Dubin-Johnson syndrome | Rotor syndrome
57
black liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
58
Mutations in hepatocyte copper-transporting ATPase
Wilson disease
59
Wilson disease other name
hepatolenticular degeneration)
60
decr. serum ceruloplasmin, incr. urine copper
Wilson disease
61
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Wilson disease
62
Wilson Dz. 6 sxs.
=Liver, Brain, Eyes, Kidneys, Heme. 1. Liver disease (eg, hepatitis, acute liver failure, cirrhosis), 2. Neurologic disease (eg, dysarthria, dystonia, tremor, parkinsonism), 3. Psychiatric disease, 4. Kayser-Fleischer rings (deposits in Descemet membrane of cornea) 5. Hemolytic anemia 6. Renal disease (eg, Fanconi syndrome)
63
Wilson disease Treatment (3)
``` chelation with 1. penicillamine or 2. trientine, & 3. oral zinc. ```
64
Wilson dz. =inadequate copper excretion into...
bile and blood
65
Hemochromatosis due to mutations in
HFE gene
66
increased intestinal absorption of Fe
Hemochromatosis
67
Hemochromatosis: | 􏰂ferritin,􏰂iron,􏰅TIBC-->􏰂transferrin saturation
incr. ferritin, incr. iron, decr. TIBC incr. transferrin saturation
68
Ferritin
store iron in the tissues
69
Hemochromatosis can be due to 2 causes
1. mutation 2. chronic Transfusion
70
Prussian blue stain
Hemochromatosis (Fe)
71
Where Fe accumulate in Hemochromatosis? 6 body parts
``` liver, pancreas, skin, heart, pituitary, joints ```
72
Hemochromatosis sxs.--triad plus 2 sxs.
Classic triad of [1. cirrhosis, 2. diabetes mellitus, 3. skin pigmentation (“bronze diabetes”)] 4. dilated cardiomyopathy (reversible), 5. hypogonadism, 6. arthropathy (calcium pyrophosphate deposition; especially metacarpophalangeal joints).
73
Common cause of death in Hemochromatosis
HCC
74
Hemochromatosis Tx.- 3 chelators?
- repeated phlebotomy, - chelation with: 1. deferasirox, 2. deferoxamine, 3. oral deferiprone.
75
Biliary tract disease sxs.
1. pruritus, 2. jaundice, 3. dark urine, 4. light-colored stool, 5. hepatosplenomegaly
76
Increased bilirubin effect on cholesterol?
Increase
77
cholestatic pattern of LFTs
all incr.: 􏰂conjugated bilirubin, 􏰂cholesterol, 􏰂ALP
78
Transferrin
bind to and transport of Iron through blood
79
concentric “onion skin” bile duct fibrosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
80
alternating strictures and dilation with “beading” of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts on ERCP
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
81
Biliary tract disease assoc. w/ UC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
82
antibody ⊕ in Primary sclerosing cholangitis
p-ANCA ⊕
83
antibody ⊕ in Primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-mitochondrial antibody ⊕
84
Primary biliary cirrhosis assoc. with which dzs.?
other autoimmune conditions
85
Biliary tract disease due to Autoimmune reaction: | lymphocytic infiltrate-->destroy ducts
Primary biliary cirrhosis
86
Secondary biliary cirrhosis occurs due to
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction-->incr. pressure in intrahepatic ducts-->injury/ fibrosis and bile stasis.
87
Secondary biliary cirrhosis complication
ascending cholangitis.

Facts (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions