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Kidney-tubule issues &Nephritic/Nephrotic Dzs. Flashcards

1
Q

Fanconi Syndroma MOA

A

increased excretion of glucose and other substances in PCT

“Fanconi is First”

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2
Q

Bartter Syndrome MOA

A

Like Loops

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3
Q

Gitelman Syndrome MOA

A

Like Thiazide

G after B (alphabetic)

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4
Q

Liddle Syndrome MOA

A

Like Hyper-Aldo. but without any Aldosterone in systm

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5
Q

Liddle Syndrome Tx.

A

Amiloride

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6
Q

K+-sparing diuretic use?

A

Hyper-Aldo. =Conn Syndrome

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7
Q

Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess MOA

A

Enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone is defective–>cortisol can act like Aldo.!

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8
Q

SAME Tx.

A

Give steroids so body stops making cortisol

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9
Q

Eating what causes SAME dz.

A

Licorice–also inhibits enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone

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10
Q

Renin/Aldo. level in Liddle syndrom?

A

Low both

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11
Q

RTA Type 4 due to:

A

Hypo-Aldo. –>hyper-K+

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12
Q

RTA Type 1 due to:

A

intercalated cells can’t secrete H+ (even though in DCT)

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13
Q

RTA Type 2 due to:

A

Can’t reabsorb Bicarb. in PCT

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14
Q

RTA associated with AI Dzs.

A

RTA Type 1

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15
Q

2 Conditions associated with RTA Type 4

A
  1. SLE

2. SCD

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16
Q

RTA associated with high urine pH?

A

RTA Type 1 (odd one)

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17
Q

RTA associated with hyper-K+?

A

Type 4

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18
Q

RTA associated with stones?

A

RTA Type 1=odd one

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19
Q

RTA associated with hyper-Ca2+?

A

RTA Type 1=odd one

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20
Q

4 Nephritic Syndromes (Mnemonic)

A

“RAAS”
Rapidly Progressive
IgA nephro-pathy (Berger)
Strep

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21
Q

5 Nephrotic Syndromes

A
  1. Focal Segmental GlomeruloSclerosis
  2. MCD
  3. Membranous
  4. Amyloidosis
  5. Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
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22
Q
  1. Nephritic & Nephrotic mixed syndromes
A
  1. Diffuse Proliferative GlomeruloNephritis

2. MembranoProliferative GlomeruloNephritis

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23
Q

Membranous glomerular disease indicates

A

thicken glomerular BM

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24
Q

Proliferative glomerular disease indicates

A

more cells of glomeruli

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25
Q

What is a primary glomerular dz.?

A

MCD

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26
Q

Nephritic syndrome MOA?

A

GBM damage

=Inflammatory process

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27
Q

Nephrotic syndrome MOA?

A

podocyte (charge barrier) disruption–direct or from systemic dz.

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28
Q

4 Blood changes in Nephrotic syndrome?

A
  1. Hyper-lipidemia
  2. Hypo-Albumin
  3. lose AT III=thromboembolism, clots
  4. lose IgGs in urine=infxns.
29
Q

How long after strep does acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis occur?

30
Q

Lumpy bumpy gbm due to antibodies and C3

31
Q

Cola colored urine

32
Q

Decreased C3 nephritis

33
Q

Abs against alpha 3 chain of type 4 collagen in gbm

A

Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

34
Q

Goodpasture is a type of which nephritis?

A

Rapidly progressive (crescentic)

35
Q

Antibodies to gbm and alveolar bm

A

Goodpasture

36
Q

3 types of rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

A
  1. Goodpasture syndrome
  2. Wegener
  3. Microscopic Polyangiitis
37
Q

Other name for Wegener

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

38
Q

Necrotizing granulomas in lungs, sinuses and glomerulonephritis

39
Q

PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA. Pauci immune=no Ig or complement deposits

40
Q

MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA . Also pauci immune

Mnemonic

A

Microscopic Polyangitis

M P P

41
Q

GN due to SLE

A

Diffuse proliferative—common cause of death

42
Q

Wire looping of glomerular capillaries (Mnemonic)

A

Diffuse proliferative (wire lupus)

43
Q

Effacement of foot processes

A

Minimal change disease

44
Q

Most common nephrotic syndrome in kids

45
Q

MCD triggered by

A

IS activation

46
Q

MC cause nephrotic syndrome in African Americans and Hispanics

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

47
Q

Effacement of foot processes similar to MCD

48
Q

5 Causes of FSG

A
  1. HIV
  2. Infxn.
  3. SCD
  4. Heroin
  5. Obese
49
Q

Spike and some due to immune complex deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy

50
Q

Membranous nephropathy due to which 3 drugs?

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. PCN
  3. Gold
51
Q

Name of amyloidosis stain

52
Q

Congo red stain of amyloidosis shows what color under polarized light?

A

Apple green birefringence bc amyloid deposit in mesangium

53
Q

Most common organ where amyloid desposits

54
Q

Eosinophilic nodules glomerulosclerosis

A

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

55
Q

GBM changes in diabetic glomerulosclerosis

A

Sugar added causes thickening and increased permeability

56
Q

IgA-based IC deposits in mesangium.

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

57
Q

mesangium define

A

between the capillaries

58
Q

Episodic gross hematuria that occurs concurrently with respiratory or GI tract infections

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

59
Q

IgA is secreted by

A

mucosal linings

60
Q

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) occurs with what 2 kind of infxns.

A

respiratory or GI tract infections

61
Q

Mutation in type IV collagen–>thinning and splitting of glomerular basement membrane.

A

Alport syndrome

62
Q

Alport syndrome sxs. (mnemonic)

A
  1. Eye problems (eg, retinopathy, lens dislocation),
  2. glomerulonephritis,
  3. sensorineural deafness;
    “can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a bee.”
63
Q

“Basket-weave” appearance on EM.

A

Alport syndrome

64
Q

subendothelial immune complex (IC) deposits with granular IF

A

Membrano- proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

65
Q

“tram-track” appearance on PAS stain due to GBM splitting caused by mesangial ingrowth.

A

Membrano- proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

66
Q

Nephritis assoc w. hepatitis B or C infection

A

Membrano- proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

67
Q

nephritis assoc w. decr. serum C3 levels specifically

68
Q

henoch schonlein purpura 4 sxs.

A
  1. Abdominal pain/bloody diarrhea
  2. arthralgias
  3. Purpuric skin lesions on butt/legs
  4. IgA nephropathy =Berger dz

Facts (16 decks)

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