Electrolytes/Acid-Base

Question 1

Shifts K+ out of cells (Mnemonic)

Answer 1

“DO LABSS”

Digitalis (stops Na+/K+ ATPase)
Osmolar-hyper

Lysis of cells
Acidosis (H+ and K+ go in same direction)
B-blocker
Sugar
Succinylcholine

Question 2

Digitalis activity

Answer 2

Na+/K+ ATPase=move K+ in cells, and Na+ out

Question 3

Stupor and Coma due to what electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 3

Hypo and Hyper-Na+

Question 4

Malaise due to what electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 4

Hypo-Na+

Question 5

Nausea due to what electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 5

Hypo-Na+

Question 6

Hypo-K+ 2 EKG changes?

Answer 6

1. U waves

2. flat T waves

Question 7

Hypo-K+ or Hyper-K+ both cause?

Answer 7

weakness and arrhythmias

Question 8

2 EKG Changes due to Hyper-K+?

Answer 8

1. Wide QRS

2. Peaked T waves

Question 9

Chvostek and Trousseau signs due to what electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 9

Hypo-Ca2+

Question 10

Chvostek sign is

Answer 10

contraction of facial muscles when: tapping over the facial nerve anterior to the ear as it crosses the zygomatic arch (cheekbone).

Question 11

Hyper-Ca2+ 5 sxs. (Mnemonic)

Answer 11

1. Stones
2. Bones (pain)
3. Groans (abd. pain)
4. Thrones (incr. urine freq.)
5. Psych. overtones (anxiety, AMS)

Question 12

Tetany due to which 2 electrolyte disturbances?

Answer 12

1. Hypo-Ca2+

2. Hypo-Mg2+ (causes Hypo-Ca2+)

Question 13

Torsades due to which electrolyte disturbance?

Answer 13

Hypo-Mg2+

Question 14

Low Phosphate–2 effects?

Answer 14

=Bone loss

2. OsteoMalacia (Adults)
3. Rickets (Kids)

Question 15

High Phosphate 2 effects?

Answer 15

1. Calcifications
2. Hypo-Ca2+
3. Ca2+-Phosphate kidney stones

Question 16

8 Causes of increased AG metabolic acidosis? (Mnemonic)

Answer 16

“MUDPILES”

Methanol
Uremia
DKA--ketones=acid
Propylene glycol
INH/Iron tablets
Lactic acidosis--ischemic ATN*
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (late)

Question 17

Normal urine pH

Answer 17

7.4

Question 18

5 causes Hyperventilation=Respiratory ALKALosis

Answer 18

1. Hysteria
2. HypOxemia (high altitude)
3. Salicylates (early)
4. Tumor
5. PE

Question 19

Trousseau sign of malignancy is

Answer 19

a medical sign involving episodes of vessel inflammation due to blood clot (thrombophlebitis) which are recurrent or appearing in different locations over time

Question 20

Trousseau sign of malignancy tx.

Answer 20

Heparin