Electrolytes/Acid-Base Flashcards
Shifts K+ out of cells (Mnemonic)
“DO LABSS”
Digitalis (stops Na+/K+ ATPase)
Osmolar-hyper
Lysis of cells Acidosis (H+ and K+ go in same direction) B-blocker Sugar Succinylcholine
Digitalis activity
Na+/K+ ATPase=move K+ in cells, and Na+ out
Stupor and Coma due to what electrolyte disturbance?
Hypo and Hyper-Na+
Malaise due to what electrolyte disturbance?
Hypo-Na+
Nausea due to what electrolyte disturbance?
Hypo-Na+
Hypo-K+ 2 EKG changes?
- U waves
2. flat T waves
Hypo-K+ or Hyper-K+ both cause?
weakness and arrhythmias
2 EKG Changes due to Hyper-K+?
- Wide QRS
2. Peaked T waves
Chvostek and Trousseau signs due to what electrolyte disturbance?
Hypo-Ca2+
Chvostek sign is
contraction of facial muscles when: tapping over the facial nerve anterior to the ear as it crosses the zygomatic arch (cheekbone).
Hyper-Ca2+ 5 sxs. (Mnemonic)
- Stones
- Bones (pain)
- Groans (abd. pain)
- Thrones (incr. urine freq.)
- Psych. overtones (anxiety, AMS)
Tetany due to which 2 electrolyte disturbances?
- Hypo-Ca2+
2. Hypo-Mg2+ (causes Hypo-Ca2+)
Torsades due to which electrolyte disturbance?
Hypo-Mg2+
Low Phosphate–2 effects?
=Bone loss
- OsteoMalacia (Adults)
- Rickets (Kids)
High Phosphate 2 effects?
- Calcifications
- Hypo-Ca2+
- Ca2+-Phosphate kidney stones
8 Causes of increased AG metabolic acidosis? (Mnemonic)
“MUDPILES”
Methanol Uremia DKA--ketones=acid Propylene glycol INH/Iron tablets Lactic acidosis--ischemic ATN* Ethylene glycol Salicylates (late)
Normal urine pH
7.4
5 causes Hyperventilation=Respiratory ALKALosis
- Hysteria
- HypOxemia (high altitude)
- Salicylates (early)
- Tumor
- PE
Trousseau sign of malignancy is
a medical sign involving episodes of vessel inflammation due to blood clot (thrombophlebitis) which are recurrent or appearing in different locations over time
Trousseau sign of malignancy tx.
Heparin
