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Higher Geography🌍 > Lithosphere > Flashcards

Lithosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

1.a)Corrie

A
  1. 1 north facing - snow lies longer
  2. 2 Neve/ice - under own weight
  3. 1 move downhill - gravity
  4. 2 water pockets

G. Erodes - widens, steepens, deepens

  1. ice plucking - steeper backwall
  2. Abrasion - over deepens the Corrie
  3. 1 rotational sliding - deepens central part of hollow
  4. 2 ice is thickest here so erodes deepest
  5. 1 friction - rock lip
  6. 2 traps water - tarn
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2
Q

1.b)Arête

A
  1. 1 north facing - snow lies longer
  2. 2 Neve/ice - under own weight
  3. 1 move downhill - gravity
  4. 2 water pockets

G. Erodes - widens, steepens, deepens

  1. ice plucking - steeper backwall
  2. 1 rotational sliding - deepens central part of hollow
  3. 2 ice is thickest here so erodes deepest. EMPHASISING THE HEIGHT OF THE STEEP SIDED ARÊTE

Back to back - steepened - narrow knife ridge

FTW - steepens arête

Example=striding edge in Lake District

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3
Q

1.c)Pyramidal peak

A
  1. 1 north facing - snow lies longer
  2. 2 Neve/ice - under own weight
  3. 1 move downhill - gravity
  4. 2 water pockets

G. Erodes - widens, steepens, deepens

  1. ice plucking - steeper backwall
  2. 1 rotational sliding - deepens central part of hollow
  3. 2 ice is thickest here so erodes deepest. EMPHASISING THE HEIGHT OF THE STEEP SIDED ARÊTE

Back to back - steepened - narrow knife ridge

+ WHERE THERE ARE THREE OR MORE ARETES THAT FORM, THE ROCK IN BETWEEN THEM IS PLUCKED INTO A SHARP POINT

FTW - steepens pyramidal peak

Example=striding edge in Lake District

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4
Q

1.d)U-shaped valley

A

G. Combined erosive force - deepens, widens, steepens, straightens

G1. Ice plucking - steeper
G2. Abrasion - over deepens

F1. Erosive forces - truncated spurs

F2. Misfit stream - not enough erosive power

F3. Softer rock - erodes particularly deep - ribbon lake(Loch Lomond)

F4. End moraine - moraine damned lake (Wallowa Lake)

F5. Fjord- sea water rising after ice melted

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5
Q

1.e)Hanging valley

A

G. Combined erosive force - deepens, widens, steepens, straightens

G1. Ice plucking - steeper
G2. Abrasion - over deepens

F1. Erosive forces - truncated spurs

HVG1. Less erosive forces - small tributary valley

HVF1. Small stream - waterfall
HVF2. Alluvial fan - loses speed

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6
Q

2.a)Terminal moraine

A
  1. 1 transported - dumped
  2. 2 furthest extent - starts to melt and deposit
  3. 1 unsorted sediments of all sizes
  4. 2 power - can transport

3a. Further added - bulldozing
3b. Accumulation - ablation

F1. Retreats - moraine dammed lake
F2. Recessional moraine - stationary for long enough

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7
Q

2.b)Drumlin

A
  1. Elongated hill - unsorted glacial deposits - dumps materials- no sorting

2a. Harder thick rock - resistance- cause glacier to dump material - steep side of drumlin
3a. Streamlines - gentle “lee” side
OR
2b. Moves over sediment that is thicker - remould
3b. Resistance - steep slope - streamlines - gentle “lee” side

  1. Further ice movement can reshape them
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8
Q

3.Esker

A
  1. Rivers flowing in tunnels below melting glacier - loose sediments, transport
  2. Flowing fast - constantly supplied with meltwater
  3. River loses energy - deposition
  4. Larger particles - smaller particles
  5. Winding ridge made up of sorted moraine
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9
Q

4.a)Headlands and bays

A

General.
Bands of hard and soft rock - perpendicular to coastline

Bays
Differential erosion - clay erodes quicker - bays - transported

Headlands
Limestone - resistant - headlands

Processes
Abrasion - break off
Hydraulic action - break off

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10
Q

4.b)Cliff and wave cut platform

A

G. Waves break - wave cut notch

Processes
Abrasion - break off
Hydraulic action

Gravity
Cliff left unsupported - cracks - gravity

Retreat + increase in height
Retreats - height - wave cut platform

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11
Q

4.c)Caves arches stacks and stumps

A
  1. Weakness - sea cave
    a) abrasion - break off
    b) hydraulic action
  2. Blowhole - vertical erosion
  3. Erosion - arch
  4. Foot - less rock - vibrations - gravity

This leaves part of the headland cut off to form a stack. The stack is then under cut by waves and collapses to form a stump

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12
Q

5.Sand spit

A

LSD1. Direction the wind is blowing - angle

LSD2. Right angles - gravity

LSD3. Material slowly builds up - supply of deposits

F1. Coastline - extend
F2. Sandbar - strong tides
F3. Curved - wind direction and currents
F4. Sheltered and shallow - salt marsh

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