Literature techniques

Question 1

What is the function of names?

Answer 1

To signal:

• A moral dimension for the character
• A physical or emotional characteristic
• A cultural or racial dimension
• Status, power, or lack of power in a character

Question 2

What does a beginning tell you?

Answer 2

• Theme
• Style
• Tone

Question 3

Kathy H as a name

Answer 3

‘H’ - will always remain young, infantilizes, nickname you get from family

Soft ‘to’ - phonetic echo with carer

Lack of connection with history – subduing to higher power yet introduces herself through her name so we do not see her as a clone

Feminine ending ‘y’

No title – she is segregated from society

Question 4

Why do we use a first-person narrator?

Answer 4

Sense of intimacy

Insight of thoughts and feelings

Introduces a particular voice

Allows the author to create an unreliable narrator – Kathy is naive

Question moral values with limited knowledge

Reader must work harder to piece the novel

Question 5

Idiolect

Answer 5

an individual’s way of talking – particular words and/or phrases

Question 6

Naive narrator

Answer 6

does not understand what is happening

Question 7

Intrusive narrator

Answer 7

interrupts story with comments

Question 8

Naive adoption of discourse

Answer 8

particular words without explanation

Question 9

Direct address to reader, unreliable narrator and metafictional awareness of reader

Answer 9

as it says

Question 10

Forcing reader to read against the grain

Answer 10

reader is told what they are (when not)

Question 11

Analeptic reference

Answer 11

flashbacks

Question 12

Proleptic reference

Answer 12

foreshadowing

Question 13

Non-linear narrative

Answer 13

goes back and forwards in time

Question 14

Retrospective narrative

Answer 14

looking back/nostalgia

Question 15

Referential settings

Answer 15

Referential – A fictional place where fictional characters could exist, illusion of reality

Question 16

Genre

Answer 16

a style or category of painting, novel, film, etc, characterized by a particular form/purpose.

Question 17

Veresimilitudinal

Answer 17

To ‘imitate’ the real world with place names – not escapist fiction

Question 18

Symbolic

Answer 18

To build an atmosphere or to suggest a message (using repitition, contrasts) (2 settings could contrast dramatically based of the people or different actions)

Question 19

Analogical

Answer 19

To suggest or reveal a character’s state of mind as a parallel becomes obvious between the setting and character (pathetic fallacy, etc)

Question 20

Protagonist

Answer 20

Generates the action, often engaging the reader’s interest/empathy (EG Kathy)

Question 21

Antagonist

Answer 21

Opposes the protagonist (EG wider society)

Question 22

The foil

Answer 22

Contrasts with another character to highlight features of that character (Kathy’s passiveness, Tommy’s volatility)

Question 23

The archetype

Answer 23

a stereotype – hero, rebel, lover, creator, ruler, orphan

Question 24

The static

Answer 24

Has a singular function (Elizabeth, Justine, Miss Lucy)

Question 25

The dynamic

Answer 25

Changes and develops throughout the novel (Ruth, Victor and the creature as the gothic double)

Question 26

Framed narrative

Answer 26

‘a story within a story’ - multiple perspectives, main narrative forms a second narrative

Question 27

Imbedded narratives

Answer 27

in a frame narrative, hinges contextually on it, whilst typically becoming the bulk story itself

Question 28

Chinese box structure

Answer 28

a narrative in a narrative…….. - Saffies story in the creature’s story in Victor’s story in Walton’s story

Question 29

Grammar revision - the simple, compound and complex

Answer 29

Simple sentence – 1 clause, one idea, childlike

Compound – 2 clauses conjoined by a conjunction, typical of spoken discourse

Complex – Pompous, communicates more than one idea, ideas are not equal, dependent on another clause, more common written than spoken discourse, interior monologues

Question 30

Sentence moods:

Answer 30

Declarative: statement of fact, certainty

Interrogative: question, uncertainty

Exclamative: exclamation, agitation