list 7 Flashcards
nucleotide
an organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate
deoxyribose
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen
nitrogenous base
a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base
purine
a heterocyclic aromatic compound composed of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring fused together
pyrimidine
a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that is composed of carbon and hydrogen
base pairing rules
constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA on the formation of hydrogen bonds
complementary base pair
the pairing of corresponding bases (adenine with thymine/uracil or guanine with cytosine)
DNA replication
the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
helicase
an enzyme that catalyzes the unwinding and separation of DNA or RNA during it’s replication
replication fork
a very active area where DNA replication takes place
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that assembles nucleotides into new DNA strands
semi-conservative replication
replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one strand of old DNA bound to one strand of new DNA
transcription
the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
translation
the process in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates
protein synthesis
the creation of proteins by cells that use DNA, RNA, and various enzymes