Liquids

Question 1

Characteristics of Liquids

Answer 1

Less kinetic energy than gases
Occupy definite volume
Takes shape of container
Denser and less compressible than gases

Question 2

The measure of ability of a solute to get dissolved in a solvent

Answer 2

Solubility

Question 3

Units of solubility

Answer 3

Moles/L-solutiin
g/L
g/mL

Question 4

Factors affecting solubility

Answer 4

Nature of Solute and Solvent
Particle Size
Temperature
pressure
Presence of Salts
pH

Question 5

Nature of Solute and Solvent

Answer 5

Like dissolves like
The greater the similarity between the solute and solvent, the greater the solubility

Question 6

Temperature

Answer 6

Solid, Liquid
Endothermic: ↑ Temperature ↑Solubility
Exothermic: ↓Temperature ↑Solubility

Gas: ↑Temperature ↓Solubility

Question 7

Particle Size

Answer 7

↑ Particle Size
↓ Surface Area
↑ Solubility

Question 8

Pressure

Answer 8

Solid, Liquid
The effects of pressure changes on the solubility of solids and liquids are smalle

Gas: ↑Pressure ↑Solubility (Henry’s Law of Gas Solubility)

Question 9

Presence of Salts

Answer 9

Salting In: + Salt = ↑ Solubility
Salting Out: + Salt = ↓ Solubility

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

The ionized form of a compound will be most soluble in an aqueous solution

Question 11

The pressure of the saturated vapor above the liquid

Answer 11

Vapor pressure

Question 12

Unit of Vapor pressure

Answer 12

mmHg

Question 13

Vapor pressure of water

Answer 13

25C = 23.8mmHg

Question 14

Equation relates the heat of vaporization and vapor pressure (Temperature to vapor)

Answer 14

Clausius Clapeyron Equation

Question 15

Attraction among similar molecules

Answer 15

Cohesion

Question 16

Attraction among different molecules

Answer 16

Adhesion

Question 17

Boundaries of solid, liquid, and gas to other solid, liquid, or gases

Answer 17

Interface

Question 18

Refer to gas-solid or gas-liquid interface

Answer 18

Surface

Question 19

Tendency of a liquid rises in a tube because of a combination of adhesion to the walls of the tube and cohesion between liquid particles

Answer 19

Capillarity

Question 20

The force per unit length that must be applied parallel to the surface so as to counterbalance the net inward pull

Answer 20

Surface tension
* Liquid-Gas
* Solid-Gas

Question 21

Surface Tension unit

Answer 21

N/m or dyme/cm

Question 22

Force per unit length existing at the interface between two immiscible phase

Answer 22

Interfacial tension

Question 23

Methods of Surface/Interfacial Tension Determination

Answer 23

Capillary Rise Method
Dropweight Method
Du Nouy Ring Method

Question 24

Oldest and most accurate method for surface tension determination

Answer 24

Capillary Rise Method

Question 25

Dropweight Method

Answer 25

Stalagmometric Method

Question 26

Used for determination of both Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension

Answer 26

Du Nuoy Ring Method
Tensiometer & Platinum/Iridium Ring

Question 27

Molecules/ions that reduce or lower surface and interfacial tension

Answer 27

Surface Active Agent/Surfactant/Amphiphiles

Question 28

Number system that establish an HLB range of optimum efficiency for each class of surfactant

Answer 28

Griffin Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance System

Question 29

High HLB

Answer 29

Hydrophilic

Question 30

Low HLB

Answer 30

Lipophilic

Question 31

1-3

Answer 31

HLB Value of Antifoaming

Question 32

1-3

Question 33

HLB Value of W/O Emulsifier

Answer 33

3-6

Question 34

HLB Value of Wetting Agents

Answer 34

7-9

Question 35

HLB Value of O/W Emulsifiers

Answer 35

8-18

Question 36

HLB Value of Detergents

Answer 36

13 - 16

Question 37

HLB Value of Solubilizers

Answer 37

15 - 20