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Physical Pharmacy > Liquids > Flashcards

Liquids Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Liquids

A

Less kinetic energy than gases
Occupy definite volume
Takes shape of container
Denser and less compressible than gases

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2
Q

The measure of ability of a solute to get dissolved in a solvent

A

Solubility

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3
Q

Units of solubility

A

Moles/L-solutiin
g/L
g/mL

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4
Q

Factors affecting solubility

A

Nature of Solute and Solvent
Particle Size
Temperature
pressure
Presence of Salts
pH

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5
Q

Nature of Solute and Solvent

A

Like dissolves like
The greater the similarity between the solute and solvent, the greater the solubility

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6
Q

Temperature

A

Solid, Liquid
Endothermic: ↑ Temperature ↑Solubility
Exothermic: ↓Temperature ↑Solubility

Gas: ↑Temperature ↓Solubility

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7
Q

Particle Size

A

↑ Particle Size
↓ Surface Area
↑ Solubility

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8
Q

Pressure

A

Solid, Liquid
The effects of pressure changes on the solubility of solids and liquids are smalle

Gas: ↑Pressure ↑Solubility (Henry’s Law of Gas Solubility)

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9
Q

Presence of Salts

A

Salting In: + Salt = ↑ Solubility
Salting Out: + Salt = ↓ Solubility

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10
Q

pH

A

The ionized form of a compound will be most soluble in an aqueous solution

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11
Q

The pressure of the saturated vapor above the liquid

A

Vapor pressure

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12
Q

Unit of Vapor pressure

A

mmHg

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13
Q

Vapor pressure of water

A

25C = 23.8mmHg

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14
Q

Equation relates the heat of vaporization and vapor pressure (Temperature to vapor)

A

Clausius Clapeyron Equation

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15
Q

Attraction among similar molecules

A

Cohesion

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16
Q

Attraction among different molecules

A

Adhesion

17
Q

Boundaries of solid, liquid, and gas to other solid, liquid, or gases

A

Interface

18
Q

Refer to gas-solid or gas-liquid interface

A

Surface

19
Q

Tendency of a liquid rises in a tube because of a combination of adhesion to the walls of the tube and cohesion between liquid particles

A

Capillarity

20
Q

The force per unit length that must be applied parallel to the surface so as to counterbalance the net inward pull

A

Surface tension
* Liquid-Gas
* Solid-Gas

21
Q

Surface Tension unit

A

N/m or dyme/cm

22
Q

Force per unit length existing at the interface between two immiscible phase

A

Interfacial tension

23
Q

Methods of Surface/Interfacial Tension Determination

A

Capillary Rise Method
Dropweight Method
Du Nouy Ring Method

24
Q

Oldest and most accurate method for surface tension determination

A

Capillary Rise Method

25
Q

Dropweight Method

A

Stalagmometric Method

26
Q

Used for determination of both Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension

A

Du Nuoy Ring Method
Tensiometer & Platinum/Iridium Ring

27
Q

Molecules/ions that reduce or lower surface and interfacial tension

A

Surface Active Agent/Surfactant/Amphiphiles

28
Q

Number system that establish an HLB range of optimum efficiency for each class of surfactant

A

Griffin Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance System

29
Q

High HLB

A

Hydrophilic

30
Q

Low HLB

A

Lipophilic

31
Q

1-3

A

HLB Value of Antifoaming

32
Q

1-3

A
33
Q

HLB Value of W/O Emulsifier

A

3-6

34
Q

HLB Value of Wetting Agents

A

7-9

35
Q

HLB Value of O/W Emulsifiers

A

8-18

36
Q

HLB Value of Detergents

A

13 - 16

37
Q

HLB Value of Solubilizers

A

15 - 20

Physical Pharmacy (14 decks)

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