Liquides Biologiques 1

Question 1

Osmose

Answer 1

Diffusion de l’eau, suivant son gradient de concentration, au travers d’une membrane à perméabilité sélective

Question 2

What % of total body weight will be water?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

What is the separation of body water for intracellular, extracellular, and transcellular?

Answer 3

<1%: Transcellular (pleuvre, sereuse)
2/3 Intracellulaire
1/3 Extracellulaire

Question 4

What is liquid intersitiel?

Answer 4

Liquid dans lequel les cellules baignent

Question 5

What is the separation of body water for plasma, intertitiel liquid and lymphatic liquid?

Answer 5

10% lymphatic
3/4th of extracellular liquid is intersitiel
1/4th of extracellular liquid is plasma

Question 6

What is the most important and abundant blood protein?
What is the role of albumin?

Answer 6

Albumin

Because it is a huge protein and cannot leave blood vessels, it creates a oncotique pressure. It creates an osmolarity barrier that keeps the water inside the blood vessels.

Question 7

What are Liquides transcellulaires?

Answer 7

Liquide formé par l’activité sécrétoire des
cellules de certaines cavités anatomiques
épithélialisées (ex. pericarde, plèvre, CSF, all the liquid in the digestive tract; urine etc.)

Question 8

The plasma [Na+] and interstitial [Na+] are basically the same. What does this mean?

Answer 8

The endothelium membrane that lines the blood vessels (membrane capillaire) is permeable to Na+ (ions)

Question 9

What can pass through the membrane capillaire?

Answer 9

Everything but proteins can pass.

Question 10

What is the main difference between the intracellular membrane and capillary membrane?

Answer 10

intracellular membrane is impermeable to virtually all substances but water!!!!

(it can still allow things to go through via facilitated diffusion or active)

Question 11

What is special about uree and glucose diffusion?

Answer 11

They diffuse basically freely through the membrane
As soon as glucose is available it is basically instatly absorbed by the cells

Question 12

Vous pensez à donner un bolus (1 L) de solution de NaCl 0.9% (154 mmol/L) à un de vos patients. Dans quel compartiment est-ce
que les 154 mmol de NaCl se distribueront après l’injection?

Answer 12

You would think interstitiel space but because Na+ and Cl- are freely diffusable between the capillary, the concentration will be balanced and so, we find it in the extraceluular space (which includes interstitiel and plasma)

Question 13

Vous faites des études sur la perméabilité de
la membrane capillaire chez les patients
atteints d’un cancer. Vous observez que
l’endothélium contient des pores élargis et
déformés chez ceux-ci. Quel sera l’impact
dans le plasma?

• A. Hypoalbuminémie
• B. Hyponatrémie
• C. Hypernatrémie
• D. Hyperglycémie

Answer 13

Hypoalbuminémie

Question 14

What are the molecules used to estimate plasma concentration?

Answer 14

Osmolarité ≈ [Na] x 2 + [Urée] + [Glucose]

Question 15

What is a normal blood plasma concentration?

Answer 15

[NaCl] = 140 mmol/L, [Urée] = 5 mmol/L, [Glucose] = 5 mmol/L
[NaCl] x 2 + [Urée] + [Glucose] = 290 mOsm/

Question 16

What is osmolarite efficace?

Answer 16

If a membrane is permeable to an ion or etc, then the efficace osmolarity for that ion is 0. This is because it can freely diffuse to balance concentrations and thus not need water to come in an balance.

Question 17

What is tonicity?

Answer 17

mesure du gradient de pression osmotique établi entre deux solutions séparées par une membrane sélectivement perméable

can be iso-, hypo- ou hypertonique
Détermine la direction du mouvement de l’eau entre les solutions dépend de l’osmolarité efficace

Question 18

__________ se dissocient en solution (ex. NaCl à Na+ et Cl-), et génèrent donc > 1 mole de particules osmotiquement actives par mole de soluté.

Answer 18

Electrolytes

Question 19

What does it mean for a cell to be in a hypotonic, or hypertonic solution?

Answer 19

Hypotonic: there are more mmoles (higher osmolarity) inside the cell
Hypertonic, the cell’s water wants to leave to dilute

Question 20

What is the pression osmotique colloidale?

Answer 20

Refers to the pressure generated by the proteins that are in the plasma

This is what pulls water inside the plasma from the liquid interstitiel

This is important for reabsorbation

Question 21

What is pression hydrostatique?

Answer 21

Pressure created by constricting a vessel
The heart is the main generator of hydrostatic pressure

This is what pushed water outside of the capillaries into the interstitial space

This is important for filtration of material

Question 22

expliquer une diminution de du liquide interstitiel ramené vers le plasma

Answer 22

↑ (aug) Pression hydrostatique
↓ (baise) Pression osmotique
↓ (baise) Pression oncotique
Atteinte lymphatiques (why? ; because this is the network that is key for reabsorption of any lost water in the interstinial space)

Question 23

What is hypovolemie vs deshydratation?

Answer 23

hypovolemie: loss of water in plasma with inbalance in osmolarity between compartments
deshydratation: total loss of water due to diarrhea or other